About Lecture
List of slides
  1. Title Page
  2. Outline
  3. Mountain Waves
  4. Momentum Flux and Pressure Drag
  5. Gravity Wave Drag Parameterrization
  6. Transient Mountain Waves 1
  7. Transient Mountain Waves 2
  8. Goals of the Study
  9. Methodology
  10. The Synoptic-scale Flow
  11. Construction of Synoptic-scale Flow
  12. Initial Condition Ingredients
  13. Boundary Conditions
  14. Domain Setup and Model Resolution
  15. u' and theta' forced by h = 250 m
  16. Ray Tracing Theory 1
  17. Ray Tracing Theory 2
  18. Variations in k and m
  19. Horizonal Group Velocity is Doppler Shifted by the Synoptic Flow
  20. How Does the Domain Averaged Momentum Flux Vary with Time and Height ?
  21. Hypothetical z-t Momentum Flux Distribution
  22. Momentum Flux Forced by h = 250 m
  23. Vertidcal Group Velocity Increases with the Speed of the Synoptic Flow
  24. WKB Ray Tracing for U = U(t)
  25. Ray Path Diagram: x-z plane
  26. Rap Path Diagram: z-t plane
  27. Conservation of Wave Action
  28. Momentum Flux Changes Along a Ray
  29. Change of Intrinsic Frequency
  30. Comparison of Momentum Fluxes from the Model and the WKB Reconstruction
  31. Influence of Confluence and Difluence
  32. Momentum Flux for Higher Mountains
  33. Pressure Drag Evolution
  34. Nonlinear Pressure Drag Evolution
  35. Purturbation theta (h = 1 km)
  36. Purturbation pressure (h = 1 km)
  37. Nonlinearity and Past History
  38. Decelerating flow promotes wave breaking (h = 1 km)
  39. theta and K for h = 1.5 km
  40. Large Scale Flow Response
  41. Divergence of Momentum Flux
  42. Momentum Budget fot h = 250 m
  43. Global Momentum Budget
  44. A Hypothesis for the Global Budget
  45. Global Momentum Budget (h = 250 m)
  46. Time-integrated momentum flux
  47. Large-Scale Response to Breaking Waves
  48. Forcing for Zonal Mean Flow h = 1.5 km
  49. Momentum Budget-area-integrated perspective
  50. Global Response for h = 1.5 km
  51. Spatial Response
  52. Difference Fields(z = 1.5 km, t = 25 hr)
  53. Difference Fields(z = 1.5 km, t = 0 hr)
  54. Difference Fields(z = 1.5 km, t = 50 hr)
  55. Difference Fields(z = 3.5 km, t = 50 hr)
  56. PV Dynamics
  57. PV location predicted by trajectory calculation
  58. B & PV at 292--298 K at 28.75 h
  59. Can the flow response be explained by balanced dynamics ?
  60. u purturbation vs balanced u'(z = 1.5 km, t = 50 hr)
  61. u purturbation vs balanced u'(z = 3.5 km, t = 50 hr)
  62. piecewise PV inversion
  63. How does the zonally averaged momentum and PV distribution depend on mountain height?
  64. h = 125 m
  65. h = 250 m
  66. h = 500 m
  67. h = 1 km
  68. h = 1.5 km
  69. The Balanced Response Makes No Contribution to the Domain Average!
  70. Can we recover the spatial response using a GWD parameterization scheme?
  71. GWD parameterization Experiment 1
  72. GWD parameterization Experiment 2
  73. PV generation
  74. Potential Problem for GWD parameterization
  75. More Curl, but Same Domain Averaged Drag
  76. Summary
  77. Summary -- quasi-linear regime (h < 125 m)
  78. Summary -- moderately nonlinear regime (250 m < h < 1 km)
  79. Sumamry -- highly nonlinear regime (h = 1.5 km)
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