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\markboth{5-1 より複雑な大気現象}{5-1 より複雑な大気現象}
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\chapter{大気の波動 第2部}

\section{より複雑な大気現象}

\begin{itembox}[l]{概要}
 \Dparskip \vspace{-6mm}
 第5章では第3章で扱ったよりももう少し複雑な大気の波動を取り扱う.
 この節ではこの章で取り扱う波動に関して概説する.
 取り扱うことを大雑把に言えば, 1) 順圧不安定,
 2) 傾圧不安定, の2つである.
\end{itembox}

この章は第3章で扱ったよりも複雑な波動について取り扱う.
大気での波の擾乱は, 直接外力を受けているかもしくは非線形の相互作用を受け
ている流れ場の不安定から生まれる.
順圧不安定は風の基本場の水平シアから生まれる.
これは流体の力学において研究される``流体力学不安定''の一形態である.
傾圧不安定は風の基本場の鉛直シアと関係するか,  温度風という関係を通して
水平面温度勾配と関係する.
傾圧不安定は地球の回転と関係する. しかしこの現象は気象学と海洋学以外では
広く研究されてはいない.
順圧と傾圧の影響は同時に大気に現れるが, それらは分けて研究する方が容易で
ある.

2〜6節では順圧不安定を, 7〜11節では傾圧不安定を扱う.
これらは数値モデルに直接組み込まれるようなものではないが,
モデルの作成や利用の上での背景的な知識として必要なものである.


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