雨水混合比の時間変化 (中緯度場, 湿度: Q14, 風のシアー: 2.5 - 0 km・U_s = 20 m/s)

概要

Takemi, 2007 での積雲対流の数値シミュレーションに用いられた, 温度・湿度・風を用いて計算をした.

用いた基本場

基本場の温度

図 (破線)
温度は以下の式で与える

θ(z) = θ_0 + (θ_tr + θ_0)(z/z_tr)^(5/4), z ≦ z_tr ・・・・・・ (1)

θ(z) = θ_tr * exp[g(z - z_tr) / (C_p T_tr)], z ＞ z_tr ・・・・・ (2)
- θ(z): 基本場の温位
- θ_0 = 300 K: 地表面の温位
- θ_tr = 343 K: 対流圏界面での温位
- T_tr : 対流圏界面での温度
- z : 高度
- z_tr = 12 ㎞ : 対流圏界面の高度
- C_p : 定圧比熱
- g : 重力加速度

基本場の湿度

図 (実線)
高度 1.5 ㎞から対流圏界面までの相対湿度は以下の式で与える

RH(z) = 1 - 0.75(z/z_tr)^(5/4), 1.5 [km] ＜ z ≦ z_tr・・(3)

RH(z) = 0.25, z ＞ z_tr ・・ (4)
- RH(z): 基本場の相対湿度
地表面から高度 1.5 ㎞までの湿度 (条件ごとに名前があり, Takemi, 2007 に従う)
- Q14
  - 高度 0 - 1.5 km の水蒸気の混合比を 14 g/kg で固定する

基本場の風のシアー

図 (粗い破線)
風のシアーを与える高度
- 2.5 - 5.0 km
風のシアー中の最大風速 (U_s)
- U_s = 20 m/s

実験設定 (Takemi, 2007. の計算領域・格子間隔に合わせた)

水平格子間隔 : 1 km
鉛直格子間隔 : 500 m
長い時間ステップ : 1 s
短い時間ステップ : 0.2 s
水平領域 : 450 km
鉛直領域 : 18 km
積分時間 : 6 h
対流圏界面高度 : 12 ㎞

計算結果(中緯度場, 湿度: Q14, 風のシアー: 2.5 - 5.0 km・U_s = 20 m/s)

動画. 計算領域の全域を描画.	動画. 水平方向 150 km - 300 km, 鉛直方向全域を描画.
各時間の静止画. 計算領域の全域を描画. -->	t=0	t=50
t=100	t=150	t=200
t=250	t=300	t=350
t=400	t=450	t=500
t=550	t=600	t=650
t=700	t=750	t=800
t=850	t=900	t=950
t=1000	t=1050	t=1100
t=1150	t=1200	t=1250
t=1300	t=1350	t=1400
t=1450	t=1500	t=1550
t=1600	t=1650	t=1700
t=1750	t=1800	t=1850
t=1900	t=1950	t=2000
t=2050	t=2100	t=2150
t=2200	t=2250	t=2300
t=2350	t=2400	t=2450
t=2500	t=2550	t=2600
t=2650	t=2700	t=2750
t=2800	t=2850	t=2900
t=2950	t=3000	t=3050
t=3100	t=3150	t=3200
t=3250	t=3300	t=3350
t=3400	t=3450	t=3500
t=3550	t=3600	t=3650
t=3700	t=3750	t=3800
t=3850	t=3900	t=3950
t=4000	t=4050	t=4100
t=4150	t=4200	t=4250
t=4300	t=4350	t=4400
t=4450	t=4500	t=4550
t=4600	t=4650	t=4700
t=4750	t=4800	t=4850
t=4900	t=4950	t=5000
t=5050	t=5100	t=5150
t=5200	t=5250	t=5300
t=5350	t=5400	t=5450
t=5500	t=5550	t=5600
t=5650	t=5700	t=5750
t=5800	t=5850	t=5900
t=5950	t=6000	t=6050
t=6100	t=6150	t=6200
t=6250	t=6300	t=6350
t=6400	t=6450	t=6500
t=6550	t=6600	t=6650
t=6700	t=6750	t=6800
t=6850	t=6900	t=6950
t=7000	t=7050	t=7100
t=7150	t=7200	t=7250
t=7300	t=7350	t=7400
t=7450	t=7500	t=7550
t=7600	t=7650	t=7700
t=7750	t=7800	t=7850
t=7900	t=7950	t=8000
t=8050	t=8100	t=8150
t=8200	t=8250	t=8300
t=8350	t=8400	t=8450
t=8500	t=8550	t=8600
t=8650	t=8700	t=8750
t=8800	t=8850	t=8900
t=8950	t=9000	t=9050
t=9100	t=9150	t=9200
t=9250	t=9300	t=9350
t=9400	t=9450	t=9500
t=9550	t=9600	t=9650
t=9700	t=9750	t=9800
t=9850	t=9900	t=9950
t=10000	t=10050	t=10100
t=10150	t=10200	t=10250
t=10300	t=10350	t=10400
t=10450	t=10500	t=10550
t=10600	t=10650	t=10700
t=10750	t=10800	t=10850
t=10900	t=10950	t=11000
t=11050	t=11100	t=11150
t=11200	t=11250	t=11300
t=11350	t=11400	t=11450
t=11500	t=11550	t=11600
t=11650	t=11700	t=11750
t=11800	t=11850	t=11900
t=11950	t=12000	t=12050
t=12100	t=12150	t=12200
t=12250	t=12300	t=12350
t=12400	t=12450	t=12500
t=12550	t=12600	t=12650
t=12700	t=12750	t=12800
t=12850	t=12900	t=12950
t=13000	t=13050	t=13100
t=13150	t=13200	t=13250
t=13300	t=13350	t=13400
t=13450	t=13500	t=13550
t=13600	t=13650	t=13700
t=13750	t=13800	t=13850
t=13900	t=13950	t=14000
t=14050	t=14100	t=14150
t=14200	t=14250	t=14300
t=14350	t=14400	t=14450
t=14500	t=14550	t=14600
t=14650	t=14700	t=14750
t=14800	t=14850	t=14900
t=14950	t=15000	t=15050
t=15100	t=15150	t=15200
t=15250	t=15300	t=15350
t=15400	t=15450	t=15500
t=15550	t=15600	t=15650
t=15700	t=15750	t=15800
t=15850	t=15900	t=15950
t=16000	t=16050	t=16100
t=16150	t=16200	t=16250
t=16300	t=16350	t=16400
t=16450	t=16500	t=16550
t=16600	t=16650	t=16700
t=16750	t=16800	t=16850
t=16900	t=16950	t=17000
t=17050	t=17100	t=17150
t=17200	t=17250	t=17300
t=17350	t=17400	t=17450
t=17500	t=17550	t=17600
t=17650	t=17700	t=17750
t=17800	t=17850	t=17900
t=17950	t=18000	t=18050
t=18100	t=18150	t=18200
t=18250	t=18300	t=18350
t=18400	t=18450	t=18500
t=18550	t=18600	t=18650
t=18700	t=18750	t=18800
t=18850	t=18900	t=18950
t=19000	t=19050	t=19100
t=19150	t=19200	t=19250
t=19300	t=19350	t=19400
t=19450	t=19500	t=19550
t=19600	t=19650	t=19700
t=19750	t=19800	t=19850
t=19900	t=19950	t=20000
t=20050	t=20100	t=20150
t=20200	t=20250	t=20300
t=20350	t=20400	t=20450
t=20500	t=20550	t=20600
t=20650	t=20700	t=20750
t=20800	t=20850	t=20900
t=20950	t=21000	t=21050
t=21100	t=21150	t=21200
t=21250	t=21300	t=21350
t=21400	t=21450	t=21500
t=21550	t=21600

各時間の静止画. 水平方向 150 km - 300 km, 鉛直方向全域を描画. -->	t=0	t=50
t=100	t=150	t=200
t=250	t=300	t=350
t=400	t=450	t=500
t=550	t=600	t=650
t=700	t=750	t=800
t=850	t=900	t=950
t=1000	t=1050	t=1100
t=1150	t=1200	t=1250
t=1300	t=1350	t=1400
t=1450	t=1500	t=1550
t=1600	t=1650	t=1700
t=1750	t=1800	t=1850
t=1900	t=1950	t=2000
t=2050	t=2100	t=2150
t=2200	t=2250	t=2300
t=2350	t=2400	t=2450
t=2500	t=2550	t=2600
t=2650	t=2700	t=2750
t=2800	t=2850	t=2900
t=2950	t=3000	t=3050
t=3100	t=3150	t=3200
t=3250	t=3300	t=3350
t=3400	t=3450	t=3500
t=3550	t=3600	t=3650
t=3700	t=3750	t=3800
t=3850	t=3900	t=3950
t=4000	t=4050	t=4100
t=4150	t=4200	t=4250
t=4300	t=4350	t=4400
t=4450	t=4500	t=4550
t=4600	t=4650	t=4700
t=4750	t=4800	t=4850
t=4900	t=4950	t=5000
t=5050	t=5100	t=5150
t=5200	t=5250	t=5300
t=5350	t=5400	t=5450
t=5500	t=5550	t=5600
t=5650	t=5700	t=5750
t=5800	t=5850	t=5900
t=5950	t=6000	t=6050
t=6100	t=6150	t=6200
t=6250	t=6300	t=6350
t=6400	t=6450	t=6500
t=6550	t=6600	t=6650
t=6700	t=6750	t=6800
t=6850	t=6900	t=6950
t=7000	t=7050	t=7100
t=7150	t=7200	t=7250
t=7300	t=7350	t=7400
t=7450	t=7500	t=7550
t=7600	t=7650	t=7700
t=7750	t=7800	t=7850
t=7900	t=7950	t=8000
t=8050	t=8100	t=8150
t=8200	t=8250	t=8300
t=8350	t=8400	t=8450
t=8500	t=8550	t=8600
t=8650	t=8700	t=8750
t=8800	t=8850	t=8900
t=8950	t=9000	t=9050
t=9100	t=9150	t=9200
t=9250	t=9300	t=9350
t=9400	t=9450	t=9500
t=9550	t=9600	t=9650
t=9700	t=9750	t=9800
t=9850	t=9900	t=9950
t=10000	t=10050	t=10100
t=10150	t=10200	t=10250
t=10300	t=10350	t=10400
t=10450	t=10500	t=10550
t=10600	t=10650	t=10700
t=10750	t=10800	t=10850
t=10900	t=10950	t=11000
t=11050	t=11100	t=11150
t=11200	t=11250	t=11300
t=11350	t=11400	t=11450
t=11500	t=11550	t=11600
t=11650	t=11700	t=11750
t=11800	t=11850	t=11900
t=11950	t=12000	t=12050
t=12100	t=12150	t=12200
t=12250	t=12300	t=12350
t=12400	t=12450	t=12500
t=12550	t=12600	t=12650
t=12700	t=12750	t=12800
t=12850	t=12900	t=12950
t=13000	t=13050	t=13100
t=13150	t=13200	t=13250
t=13300	t=13350	t=13400
t=13450	t=13500	t=13550
t=13600	t=13650	t=13700
t=13750	t=13800	t=13850
t=13900	t=13950	t=14000
t=14050	t=14100	t=14150
t=14200	t=14250	t=14300
t=14350	t=14400	t=14450
t=14500	t=14550	t=14600
t=14650	t=14700	t=14750
t=14800	t=14850	t=14900
t=14950	t=15000	t=15050
t=15100	t=15150	t=15200
t=15250	t=15300	t=15350
t=15400	t=15450	t=15500
t=15550	t=15600	t=15650
t=15700	t=15750	t=15800
t=15850	t=15900	t=15950
t=16000	t=16050	t=16100
t=16150	t=16200	t=16250
t=16300	t=16350	t=16400
t=16450	t=16500	t=16550
t=16600	t=16650	t=16700
t=16750	t=16800	t=16850
t=16900	t=16950	t=17000
t=17050	t=17100	t=17150
t=17200	t=17250	t=17300
t=17350	t=17400	t=17450
t=17500	t=17550	t=17600
t=17650	t=17700	t=17750
t=17800	t=17850	t=17900
t=17950	t=18000	t=18050
t=18100	t=18150	t=18200
t=18250	t=18300	t=18350
t=18400	t=18450	t=18500
t=18550	t=18600	t=18650
t=18700	t=18750	t=18800
t=18850	t=18900	t=18950
t=19000	t=19050	t=19100
t=19150	t=19200	t=19250
t=19300	t=19350	t=19400
t=19450	t=19500	t=19550
t=19600	t=19650	t=19700
t=19750	t=19800	t=19850
t=19900	t=19950	t=20000
t=20050	t=20100	t=20150
t=20200	t=20250	t=20300
t=20350	t=20400	t=20450
t=20500	t=20550	t=20600
t=20650	t=20700	t=20750
t=20800	t=20850	t=20900
t=20950	t=21000	t=21050
t=21100	t=21150	t=21200
t=21250	t=21300	t=21350
t=21400	t=21450	t=21500
t=21550	t=21600

参考資料

地球流体電脳倶楽部 dcmodel プロジェクト. <URL:http://www.gfd-dennou.org/library/dcmodel>,
```
地球流体電脳倶楽部.
```
地球流体電脳倶楽部 deepconv プロジェクト. <URL:http://www.gfd-dennou.org/library/deepconv>,
```
地球流体電脳倶楽部
```
Takemi, T., 2007: A sensitivity of squall-line intensity to environmental static stability under various shear and moisture conditions Atmospheric Research Volume 84, Issue 4, June 2007, Pages 374-389
Takemi, T., 2006: Impacts of moisture profiles on the evolution and organization of midlatitde squall lines under various shear conditions, Atmos. Res., Vol.82.
Weisman, M.L., Klemp, J.B., 1982. The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Weather Rev. 110, 504-520.

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