簡単雲モデル

Simple cloud model

Note that Japanese and English are described in parallel.

簡単雲モデルによる雲の計算.

In this module, the amount of cloud is calculated by use of a simple cloud model.

Procedures List

!$ ! RadiationFluxDennouAGCM :	放射フラックスの計算
!$ ! ———— :	————
!$ ! RadiationFluxDennouAGCM :	Calculate radiation flux

NAMELIST

NAMELIST#cloud_simple_nml

Methods

CloudCover CloudIceLifeTime CloudLifeTime CloudSimple CloudSimpleCalcCloudCover CloudSimpleCalcPRCPWithPC CloudSimpleDivideWatAndIce CloudSimpleInit CloudSimpleWithIce CloudWatLifeTime FlagSnow IDCloudCoverMethod IDCloudCoverMethodConst IDCloudCoverMethodRH RHCrtl cloud_simple_inited module_name version

Included Modules

dc_types dc_message gridset timeset cloud_utils constants constants_snowseaice saturate dc_iounit namelist_util gtool_historyauto lscond

Public Instance methods

CloudSimple( xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC, xyz_QH2OLiq, xyz_DTempDtCond, xy_RainCum, xy_SnowCum, xy_RainLsc, xy_SnowLsc )

*Subroutine* :
`xyr_Press( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_Temp( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_QH2OLiq( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(inout)`
`xyz_DTempDtCond( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(inout)`
`xy_RainCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`
`xy_SnowCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`
`xy_RainLsc( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`
`xy_SnowLsc( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`

[Source]

  subroutine CloudSimple( xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC, xyz_QH2OLiq, xyz_DTempDtCond, xy_RainCum, xy_SnowCum, xy_RainLsc, xy_SnowLsc )

    ! USE statements
    !

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime            ! $ \Delta t $ [s]

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsCalcPRCPKeyLLTemp3D


    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Press        ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Temp         ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OLiq      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DTempDtCond  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_RainCum       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_SnowCum       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_RainLsc       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_SnowLsc       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )


    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OLiqB( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQRainDt( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCLsc( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. cloud_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! Cloud optical depth
    !

    ! Numerical solution

!!$      xyz_DQCloudWaterDt = xyz_DQCloudWaterDt &
!!$        & - xyz_QCloudWater / ( CloudLifeTime + 1.0d-100 )


!      ( X_{t+1} - X_{t-1} ) / ( 2 \Delta t ) = Q - X_{t+1} / \tau
!
!      X_{t+1} / ( 2 \Delta t )  + X_{t+1} / \tau = X_{t-1} / ( 2 \Delta t ) + Q
!      ( 1 / ( 2 \Delta t )  + 1 / \tau ) X_{t+1} = X_{t-1} / ( 2 \Delta t ) + Q
!      X_{t+1} = ( X_{t-1} / ( 2 \Delta t ) + Q ) / ( 1 / ( 2 \Delta t )  + 1 / \tau ) 

!!$    xyz_QH2OLiq =                                                           &
!!$      &   (                                                                 &
!!$      &       xyz_QH2OLiq / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )                            &
!!$      &     + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC                         &
!!$      &   )                                                                 &
!!$      & / ( 1.0_DP / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) + 1.0_DP / ( CloudLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) )
!!$
!!$    call CloudUtilsCalcPRCPKeyLLTemp3D(          &
!!$      & xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum,  &  ! (in )
!!$      & xy_RainCum, xy_SnowCum                   &  ! (out)
!!$      & )
!!$    call CloudUtilsCalcPRCPKeyLLTemp3D(          &
!!$      & xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLsc,  &  ! (in )
!!$      & xy_RainLsc, xy_SnowLsc                   &  ! (out)
!!$      & )
    !-----


    ! Analytical solution

    ! save cloud water before adjustment
    xyz_QH2OLiqB = xyz_QH2OLiq

    xyz_QH2OLiq = xyz_QH2OLiq * exp( - 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CloudLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) ) + ( xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC ) * CloudLifeTime * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CloudLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) ) )

    xyz_DQRainDt = xyz_QH2OLiqB + ( xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime - xyz_QH2OLiq
    xyz_DQRainDt = xyz_DQRainDt / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )

    call CloudUtilsCalcPRCPKeyLLTemp3D( xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQRainDt, xy_RainCum, xy_SnowCum )
    xy_RainLsc = 0.0_DP
    xy_SnowLsc = 0.0_DP


!!$        call CloudSimpleCalcPRCPWithPC(                &
!!$          & xyr_Press, xyz_TempA, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum,   & ! (in )
!!$          & xy_RainCumulus, xy_SnowCumulus,            & ! (out)
!!$          & xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCCum                       & ! (out)
!!$          & )
!!$        call CloudSimpleCalcPRCPWithPC(                &
!!$          & xyr_Press, xyz_TempA, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLsc,   & ! (in )
!!$          & xy_RainLsc, xy_SnowLsc,                    & ! (out)
!!$          & xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCLsc                       & ! (out)
!!$          & )
!!$        xyz_TempA = xyz_TempA                                 &
!!$          & + ( xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCCum + xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCLsc ) &
!!$          &     * 2.0_DP * DelTime

!!$        xyz_DTempDtCond = xyz_DTempDtCond                  &
!!$          & + xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCCum + xyz_DTempDtPrcpPCLsc


  end subroutine CloudSimple

CloudSimpleCalcCloudCover( xyz_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OTot, xyz_CloudCover )

*Subroutine* :
`xyz_Press( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_Temp( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_QH2OTot( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_CloudCover( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out)`

[Source]

  subroutine CloudSimpleCalcCloudCover( xyz_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OTot, xyz_CloudCover )

    ! USE statements
    !

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xyz_CalcQVapSat

    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Press     ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Temp      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_QH2OTot   ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyz_CloudCover( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )


    real(DP) :: xyz_RH(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. cloud_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    select case ( IDCloudCoverMethod )
    case ( IDCloudCoverMethodConst )

      xyz_CloudCover = CloudCover

    case ( IDCloudCoverMethodRH )

      ! see Sundqvist et al. (1989), Del Genio et al. (1996)
      xyz_RH = xyz_QH2OTot / xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyz_Temp, xyz_Press )
      xyz_RH = min( xyz_RH, 1.0_DP )

      xyz_CloudCover = 1.0d0 - sqrt( ( 1.0d0 - xyz_RH ) / ( 1.0d0 - RHCrtl ) )

      xyz_CloudCover = max( xyz_CloudCover, 0.0_DP )
      xyz_CloudCover = min( xyz_CloudCover, 1.0_DP )

    end select


  end subroutine CloudSimpleCalcCloudCover

CloudSimpleCalcPRCPWithPC( xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQH2OLiqDt, xy_SurfRainFlux, xy_SurfSnowFlux, xyz_DTempDt )

*Subroutine* :
`xyr_Press( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_Temp( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_DQH2OLiqDt( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xy_SurfRainFlux( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out)`
`xy_SurfSnowFlux( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out)`
`xyz_DTempDt( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out)`

[Source]

  subroutine CloudSimpleCalcPRCPWithPC( xyr_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_DQH2OLiqDt, xy_SurfRainFlux, xy_SurfSnowFlux, xyz_DTempDt )

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime            ! $ \Delta t $ [s]

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: CpDry, Grav, LatentHeatFusion
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] .
                              ! 融解の潜熱.
                              ! Latent heat of fusion

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsWatFraction


    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyr_Press      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Temp       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDt ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xy_SurfRainFlux( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xy_SurfSnowFlux( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyz_DTempDt    ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )


    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_WatFrac( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xy_Rain    ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP) :: xy_Snow    ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP) :: xy_Tot     ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )

    integer:: k


    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. cloud_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    call CloudUtilsWatFraction( xyz_Temp, xyz_WatFrac )


    xy_SurfRainFlux = 0.0_DP
    xy_SurfSnowFlux = 0.0_DP

    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      xy_Rain = xy_SurfRainFlux + xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(:,:,k) * ( xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k) ) / Grav
      xy_Snow = xy_SurfSnowFlux
      xy_Tot  = xy_Rain + xy_Snow

      xyz_DTempDt(:,:,k) = + ( xy_Rain - xyz_WatFrac(:,:,k) * xy_Tot ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( ( xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k) ) / Grav ) * LatentHeatFusion / CpDry / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )

      xy_SurfRainFlux = xyz_WatFrac(:,:,k)              * xy_Tot
      xy_SurfSnowFlux = ( 1.0_DP - xyz_WatFrac(:,:,k) ) * xy_Tot
    end do


  end subroutine CloudSimpleCalcPRCPWithPC

CloudSimpleDivideWatAndIce( xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OWatAndIce, xyz_QH2OWat, xyz_QH2OIce )

*Subroutine* :
`xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_QH2OWatAndIce(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_QH2OWat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)` :	`real(DP), intent(out)`
`xyz_QH2OIce(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)` :	`real(DP), intent(out)`

[Source]

  subroutine CloudSimpleDivideWatAndIce( xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OWatAndIce, xyz_QH2OWat, xyz_QH2OIce )

    ! USE statements
    !

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsWatFraction


    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Temp         (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_QH2OWatAndIce(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyz_QH2OWat      (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyz_QH2OIce      (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xyz_WatFrac(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. cloud_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    call CloudUtilsWatFraction( xyz_Temp, xyz_WatFrac )

    xyz_QH2OWat = xyz_QH2OWatAndIce * xyz_WatFrac
    xyz_QH2OIce = xyz_QH2OWatAndIce * ( 1.0_DP - xyz_WatFrac )


  end subroutine CloudSimpleDivideWatAndIce

CloudSimpleInit( ArgFlagSnow )

*Subroutine* :
`ArgFlagSnow` :	`logical, intent(in)`

This procedure input/output NAMELIST#cloud_simple_nml .

[Source]

  subroutine CloudSimpleInit( ArgFlagSnow )

    ! ファイル入出力補助
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoAddVariable

    ! 大規模凝結 (非対流性凝結)
    ! Large scale condensation (non-convective condensation)
    !
    use lscond, only : LScaleCondInit

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsInit


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    logical, intent(in) :: ArgFlagSnow


    character(STRING) :: CloudCoverMethod

    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号.
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT.
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    ! NAMELIST 変数群
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /cloud_simple_nml/ CloudLifeTime, CloudWatLifeTime, CloudIceLifeTime, CloudCoverMethod, RHCrtl, CloudCover
          !
          ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "cloud_simple#CloudSimpleInit"
          ! のソースコードを参照のこと.
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "cloud_simple#CloudSimpleInit" for the default values.
          !

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( cloud_simple_inited ) return


    FlagSnow = ArgFlagSnow


    ! デフォルト値の設定
    ! Default values settings
    !
    CloudLifeTime       = 3600.0_DP
    CloudWatLifeTime    = 3600.0_DP
    CloudIceLifeTime    = 3600.0_DP

    CloudCoverMethod    = 'Const'
!!$    CloudCoverMethod    = 'RH'

    RHCrtl              = 0.8_DP

    CloudCover          = 1.0_DP


    ! NAMELIST の読み込み
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = cloud_simple_nml, iostat = iostat_nml )             ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if


    select case ( CloudCoverMethod )
    case ( 'Const' )
      IDCloudCoverMethod = IDCloudCoverMethodConst
    case ( 'RH' )
      IDCloudCoverMethod = IDCloudCoverMethodRH
    case default
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'CloudCoverMethod=<%c> is not supported.', c1 = trim(CloudCoverMethod) )
    end select


    ! Initialization of modules used in this module
    !

    ! 大規模凝結 (非対流性凝結) (Manabe, 1965)
    ! Large scale condensation (non-convective condensation) (Le Treut and Li, 1991)
    !
    call LScaleCondInit

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    call CloudUtilsInit( FlagSnow )


    ! ヒストリデータ出力のためのへの変数登録
    ! Register of variables for history data output
    !
!!$    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EffCloudCover', &
!!$      & (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), &
!!$      & 'effective cloud cover', '1' )



    ! 印字 ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudLifeTime       = %f', d = (/ CloudLifeTime /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudWatLifeTime    = %f', d = (/ CloudWatLifeTime /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudIceLifeTime    = %f', d = (/ CloudIceLifeTime /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudCoverMethod    = %c', c1 = trim(CloudCoverMethod) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'RHCrtl              = %f', d = (/ RHCrtl /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudCover          = %f', d = (/ CloudCover /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) )


    cloud_simple_inited = .true.

  end subroutine CloudSimpleInit

CloudSimpleWithIce( xyr_Press, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OLiq, xyz_QH2OSol, xyz_DTempDtCond, xy_RainCum, xy_SnowCum, xy_RainLsc, xy_SnowLsc )

*Subroutine* :
`xyr_Press( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(in )`
`xyz_Temp( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(inout)`
`xyz_QH2OLiq( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(inout)`
`xyz_QH2OSol( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(inout)`
`xyz_DTempDtCond( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(inout)`
`xy_RainCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`
`xy_SnowCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`
`xy_RainLsc( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`
`xy_SnowLsc( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )` :	`real(DP), intent(out )`

[Source]

  subroutine CloudSimpleWithIce( xyr_Press, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum, xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OLiq, xyz_QH2OSol, xyz_DTempDtCond, xy_RainCum, xy_SnowCum, xy_RainLsc, xy_SnowLsc )

    ! USE statements
    !

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime            ! $ \Delta t $ [s]

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: CpDry, Grav, LatentHeatFusion
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] .
                              ! 融解の潜熱.
                              ! Latent heat of fusion

    ! 雪と海氷の定数の設定
    ! Setting constants of snow and sea ice
    !
    use constants_snowseaice, only: TempCondWater

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsWatFraction

    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Press        ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_Temp         ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OLiq      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OSol      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DTempDtCond  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_RainCum       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_SnowCum       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_RainLsc       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xy_SnowLsc       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )


    real(DP) :: xyz_TempB     ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OLiqB  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OSolB  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP) :: xyz_DelMass      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtFreeze( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP) :: xyz_WatFrac         ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDt      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OSolDt      ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCumLSC( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OSolDtCumLSC( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDtI2W   ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OSolDtW2I   ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP) :: xyz_DQRainDt  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQSnowDt  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP) :: xy_Rain       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP) :: xy_Snow       ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP) :: TempTentative
    real(DP) :: Melt

    integer  :: i
    integer  :: j
    integer  :: k


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. cloud_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! save temperature, cloud water and ice before adjustment
    xyz_TempB    = xyz_Temp
    xyz_QH2OLiqB = xyz_QH2OLiq
    xyz_QH2OSolB = xyz_QH2OSol

    ! mass of an atmospheric layer
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_DelMass(:,:,k) = ( xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k) ) / Grav
    end do

    ! fraction of cloud water
    call CloudUtilsWatFraction( xyz_Temp, xyz_WatFrac )

    ! partition cloud water production rate into water and ice
    xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCumLSC = ( xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC ) * xyz_WatFrac
    xyz_DQH2OSolDtCumLSC = ( xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCum + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtLSC ) - xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCumLSC

    ! conversion rate from water to ice, and vice versa
    xyz_DQH2OLiqDtI2W = ( xyz_QH2OLiq + xyz_QH2OSol ) * xyz_WatFrac - xyz_QH2OLiq
    xyz_DQH2OLiqDtI2W = xyz_DQH2OLiqDtI2W / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
    xyz_DQH2OSolDtW2I = - xyz_DQH2OLiqDtI2W

    xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_DQH2OLiqDtCumLSC + xyz_DQH2OLiqDtI2W
    xyz_DQH2OSolDt = xyz_DQH2OSolDtCumLSC + xyz_DQH2OSolDtW2I

    ! temperature increase due to freezing
    xyz_DTempDtFreeze = LatentHeatFusion * xyz_DQH2OSolDt / CpDry
    xyz_Temp = xyz_Temp + xyz_DTempDtFreeze * 2.0_DP * DelTime

    xyz_QH2OLiq = xyz_QH2OLiq * exp( - 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CloudWatLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) ) + xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * CloudWatLifeTime * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CloudWatLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) ) )

    xyz_DQRainDt = xyz_QH2OLiqB + xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * 2.0_DP * DelTime - xyz_QH2OLiq
    xyz_DQRainDt = xyz_DQRainDt / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )


    xyz_QH2OSol = xyz_QH2OSol * exp( - 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CloudIceLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) ) + xyz_DQH2OSolDt * CloudIceLifeTime * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CloudIceLifeTime + 1.0d-100 ) ) )

    xyz_DQSnowDt = xyz_QH2OSolB + xyz_DQH2OSolDt * 2.0_DP * DelTime - xyz_QH2OSol
    xyz_DQSnowDt = xyz_DQSnowDt / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )



    xy_Rain = 0.0_DP
    xy_Snow = 0.0_DP
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          xy_Rain(i,j) = xy_Rain(i,j) + xyz_DQRainDt(i,j,k) * xyz_DelMass(i,j,k)
          xy_Snow(i,j) = xy_Snow(i,j) + xyz_DQSnowDt(i,j,k) * xyz_DelMass(i,j,k)

          if ( xyz_Temp(i,j,k) > TempCondWater ) then
            Melt = xy_Snow(i,j)
            TempTentative = xyz_Temp(i,j,k) - LatentHeatFusion * Melt * 2.0_DP * DelTime / ( CpDry * xyz_DelMass(i,j,k) )
            if ( TempTentative < TempCondWater ) then
              TempTentative = TempCondWater
              Melt = CpDry * xyz_DelMass(i,j,k) * ( xyz_Temp(i,j,k) - TempTentative ) / ( LatentHeatFusion * 2.0_DP * DelTime )
            end if
            xyz_Temp(i,j,k) = TempTentative
            xy_Rain(i,j) = xy_Rain(i,j) + Melt
            xy_Snow(i,j) = xy_Snow(i,j) - Melt
          end if

        end do
      end do
    end do

    xy_RainCum = xy_Rain
    xy_SnowCum = xy_Snow
    xy_RainLsc = 0.0_DP
    xy_SnowLsc = 0.0_DP


    xyz_DTempDtCond = xyz_DTempDtCond + ( xyz_Temp - xyz_TempB ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )


  end subroutine CloudSimpleWithIce

Private Instance methods

CloudCover

*Variable* :
`CloudCover` :	`real(DP), save`

CloudIceLifeTime

*Variable* :
`CloudIceLifeTime` :	`real(DP), save`

CloudLifeTime

*Variable* :
`CloudLifeTime` :	`real(DP), save`

CloudWatLifeTime

*Variable* :
`CloudWatLifeTime` :	`real(DP), save`

FlagSnow

Variable :

FlagSnow :

logical , save

:	A flag for snow

IDCloudCoverMethod

*Variable* :
`IDCloudCoverMethod` :	`integer , save`

IDCloudCoverMethodConst

*Constant* :
`IDCloudCoverMethodConst` `= 1` :	`integer , parameter`

IDCloudCoverMethodRH

*Constant* :
`IDCloudCoverMethodRH` `= 2` :	`integer , parameter`

RHCrtl

*Variable* :
`RHCrtl` :	`real(DP), save`

cloud_simple_inited

Variable :

cloud_simple_inited = .false. :

logical, save

:	初期設定フラグ. Initialization flag

module_name

Constant :

module_name = ‘cloud_simple‘ :

character(*), parameter

:	モジュールの名称. Module name

version

Constant :

version = ’$Name: dcpam5-20131007 $’ // ’$Id: cloud_simple.f90,v 1.4 2013-02-27 04:35:34 yot Exp $’ :

character(*), parameter

:	モジュールのバージョン Module version