Class relaxed_arakawa_schubert
In: cumulus/relaxed_arakawa_schubert.f90

Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

Note that Japanese and English are described in parallel.

Change temperature and specific humidity by using the Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

References

 Lord, S. J., W. C. Chao, and A. Arakawa,
   Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment.
   Part IV: The discrete model,
   J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 104-113, 1992.

 Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez,
   Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general
   circulation models,
   Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002, 1992.

Procedures List

RelaxedArakawaSchubert :温度と比湿の調節
———————- :————
RelaxedArakawaSchubert :Change temperature and specific humidity

NAMELIST

NAMELIST#moist_conv_adjust_nml

Methods

Included Modules

gridset dc_types namelist_util dc_message constants timeset gtool_historyauto saturate arakawa_schubert_L1982 cloud_utils dc_iounit dc_string

Public Instance methods

Subroutine :
xy_SurfTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyz_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyr_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyz_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
xyr_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: Temperature
xyz_QH2OVap(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
!$ real(DP), intent(inout) :xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!$ ! 降水量. !$ ! Precipitation

xyz_DTempDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 温度変化率. Temperature tendency
xyz_DQVapDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 比湿変化率. Specific humidity tendency
xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
xyz_MoistConvDetTend(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RAS1DWrapperTesting( xy_SurfTemp, xyz_Press, xyr_Press, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVap, xyz_DTempDt, xyz_DQVapDt, xyz_DQH2OLiqDt, xyz_MoistConvDetTend, xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . 
                              ! 凝結の潜熱. 
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xyz_CalcQVapSat, xyz_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ArakawaSchubertL1982CalcCWFCrtl


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xy_SurfTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Press   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Press   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Exner   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Exner   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_Temp    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OVap (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DQVapDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: xyz_MoistConvDetTend       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !

    real(DP) :: SurfTemp
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP) :: z_Press   (1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP) :: r_Press   (0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP) :: z_Exner   (1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP) :: r_Exner   (0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP) :: z_Temp    (1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVap (1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: z_DTempDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: z_DQVapDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: z_DQH2OLiqDt(1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: z_MoistConvDetTend       (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xy_RainCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 降水量. 
                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQVapDtCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: xyz_DelPress(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP) :: xyz_PotTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Potential temperature
                              !
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturation specific humidity. 

    ! Dry and moist static energy in environment (Env) and cloud (Cld)
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_CldMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_Kernel               (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by cumulus convection, kernel
    real(DP) :: xy_CWF                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
    real(DP) :: xyz_CWF                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_DCWFDtLS             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
    real(DP) :: xyz_DCWFDtLS            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_CldMassFluxBottom    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom

    real(DP) :: xyz_Beta                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_BetaCldTop          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Gamma               (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_GammaDSE            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP) :: xyz_GammaMSE            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux

    real(DP) :: xyz_Mu                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Eps                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_PressCldBase         (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Pressure of cloud base
    real(DP) :: xyz_CWFCrtl             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! "Critical value" of cloud work function
    real(DP) :: xyz_RainFactor          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_EntParam             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor
    real(DP) :: xyz_EntParam            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_EntParamLL           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! higher level
    real(DP) :: xy_EntParamUL           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! lower level

    ! Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface
    real(DP) :: xyz_DelNormMassFlux     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_DelNormMassFluxCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    ! Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
    real(DP) :: xyr_NormMassFlux        (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_NormMassFluxCldTop   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! Liquid water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! Mass flux distribution function
    real(DP) :: xyz_MassFluxDistFunc    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xyz_DelH2OMass  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_H2OMassB     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_H2OMassA     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_RainCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    logical  :: xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! Flag showing whether a parcel in cloud has moist static 
                              ! energy larger than environment's

    real(DP) :: xyr_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_SurfPotTemp       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    ! Variables for looking for top of mixed layer
    !
    logical  :: xy_FlagMixLayTopFound (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    integer  :: xy_IndexMixLayTop     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    ! Variables for modification of cloud mass flux
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapTentative   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactor
    real(DP) :: xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の比湿.
                              ! Specific humidity before adjustment

    ! Flags for modification of
    !
    logical  :: xy_FlagKernelNegative (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    logical  :: xy_FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    ! Variables for subsidence mass flux between updrafts
    !
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
    real(DP) :: NormMassFlux


    ! Variables for debug
    !
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DelVal(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: Ratio


    real(DP) :: xy_SumTmp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    character(STRING) :: VarName
    real(DP) :: xyrz_CldTemp   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyrz_CldQH2OVap(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyrz_CldQH2OLiq(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: rz_CldTemp   (0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: rz_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: rz_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax, 1:kmax)


    integer :: i               ! 経度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer :: j               ! 緯度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: l
    integer :: m
    integer :: n



    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if

    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0 , imax-1

        SurfTemp = xy_SurfTemp(i,j)
        do k = 1, kmax
          z_Press  (k) = xyz_Press  (i,j,k)
          z_Exner  (k) = xyz_Exner  (i,j,k)
          z_Temp   (k) = xyz_Temp   (i,j,k)
          z_QH2OVap(k) = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k)
          z_DTempDt(k) = xyz_DTempDt(i,j,k)
          z_DQVapDt(k) = xyz_DQVapDt(i,j,k)
        end do
        do k = 0, kmax
          r_Press  (k) = xyr_Press  (i,j,k)
          r_Exner  (k) = xyr_Exner  (i,j,k)
        end do
        call RAS1DTesting( SurfTemp, z_Press, r_Press, z_Exner, r_Exner, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_DTempDt, z_DQVapDt, z_DQH2OLiqDt, z_MoistConvDetTend, z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux, rz_CldTemp, rz_CldQH2OVap, rz_CldQH2OLiq )
        do k = 1, kmax
          xyz_Temp      (i,j,k) = z_Temp      (k)
          xyz_QH2OVap   (i,j,k) = z_QH2OVap   (k)
          xyz_DTempDt   (i,j,k) = z_DTempDt   (k)
          xyz_DQVapDt   (i,j,k) = z_DQVapDt   (k)
          xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(i,j,k) = z_DQH2OLiqDt(k)
        end do
        if ( present( xyz_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
          do k = 1, kmax
            xyz_MoistConvDetTend(i,j,k) = z_MoistConvDetTend(k)
          end do
        end if
        if ( present( xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
          do k = 1, kmax
            xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(i,j,k) = z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(k)
          end do
        end if

        do l = 1, kmax
          do k = 0, kmax
            xyrz_CldTemp   (i,j,k,l) = rz_CldTemp   (k,l)
            xyrz_CldQH2OVap(i,j,k,l) = rz_CldQH2OVap(k,l)
            xyrz_CldQH2OLiq(i,j,k,l) = rz_CldQH2OLiq(k,l)
          end do
        end do

      end do
    end do

    ! calculation for output
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) = xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k)
    end do
    xyz_RainCumulus = xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
    end do


    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RainCumulus'        , xy_RainCumulus * LatentHeat )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'DTempDtCumulus'     , xyz_DTempDtCumulus          )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'DQVapDtCumulus'     , xyz_DQVapDtCumulus          )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASMassFluxDistFunc', xyz_MassFluxDistFunc        )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASEntParam'        , xyz_EntParam                )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASCWF'             , xyz_CWF                     )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASCWFCrtl'         , xyz_CWFCrtl                 )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASDCWFDtLS'        , xyz_DCWFDtLS                )
!!$    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASMixLayTopIndex'  , real( xy_IndexMixLayTop )   )

    do l = 1, kmax
      do k = 0, kmax
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( xyrz_CldTemp   (i,j,k,l) == 1.0d100 ) xyrz_CldTemp   (i,j,k,l) =  0.0_DP
            if ( xyrz_CldQH2OVap(i,j,k,l) == 1.0d100 ) xyrz_CldQH2OVap(i,j,k,l) =  0.0_DP
            if ( xyrz_CldQH2OLiq(i,j,k,l) == 1.0d100 ) xyrz_CldQH2OLiq(i,j,k,l) =  0.0_DP
          end do
        end do
      end do
    end do
    do k = 1, kmax
      write( VarName, '(a,i3.3)' ) 'RASCldTemp', k
      call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, VarName, xyrz_CldTemp   (:,:,:,k) )
      write( VarName, '(a,i3.3)' ) 'RASCldQH2OVap', k
      call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, VarName, xyrz_CldQH2OVap(:,:,:,k) )
      write( VarName, '(a,i3.3)' ) 'RASCldQH2OLiq', k
      call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, VarName, xyrz_CldQH2OLiq(:,:,:,k) )
    end do


!!$    if ( present( xyz_DQH2OLiqDt ) ) then
!!$
!!$      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
!!$      xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV = xyz_RainCumulus
!!$
!!$      ! Negative cloud production rate is filled with values in lower layers.
!!$      !
!!$      xy_NegDDelLWDt = 0.0d0
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) + xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j)
!!$            if ( xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) < 0.0d0 ) then
!!$              xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k)
!!$              xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = 0.0d0
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$
!!$      !   unit is s-1
!!$      xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$
!!$    end if


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RAS1DWrapperTesting
Subroutine :
xy_SurfTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyz_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyr_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyz_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
xyr_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: Temperature
xyz_QH2OVap(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
!$ real(DP), intent(inout) :xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!$ ! 降水量. !$ ! Precipitation

xyz_DTempDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 温度変化率. Temperature tendency
xyz_DQVapDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 比湿変化率. Specific humidity tendency
xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
xyz_MoistConvDetTend(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubert( xy_SurfTemp, xyz_Press, xyr_Press, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVap, xyz_DTempDt, xyz_DQVapDt, xyz_DQH2OLiqDt, xyz_MoistConvDetTend, xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . 
                              ! 凝結の潜熱. 
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xyz_CalcQVapSat, xyz_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ArakawaSchubertL1982CalcCWFCrtl


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xy_SurfTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Press   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Press   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Exner   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Exner   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_Temp    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OVap (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DQVapDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: xyz_MoistConvDetTend       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_Height  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: xyr_Height  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: xy_RainCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 降水量. 
                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQVapDtCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: xyz_DelPress(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP) :: xyz_PotTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Potential temperature
                              !
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturation specific humidity. 

    ! Dry and moist static energy in environment (Env) and cloud (Cld)
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_CldMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_Kernel               (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by cumulus convection, kernel
    real(DP) :: xy_CWF                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
    real(DP) :: xyz_CWF                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_DCWFDtLS             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
    real(DP) :: xyz_DCWFDtLS            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_CldMassFluxBottom    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom

    real(DP) :: xyz_Beta                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_BetaCldTop          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Gamma               (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_GammaDSE            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP) :: xyz_GammaMSE            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux

    real(DP) :: xyz_Mu                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Eps                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_PressCldBase         (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Pressure of cloud base
    real(DP) :: xyz_CWFCrtl             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! "Critical value" of cloud work function
    real(DP) :: xyz_RainFactor          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_EntParam             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor
    real(DP) :: xyz_EntParam            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_EntParamLL           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! higher level
    real(DP) :: xy_EntParamUL           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! lower level

    ! Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface
    real(DP) :: xyz_DelNormMassFlux     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_DelNormMassFluxCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    ! Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
    real(DP) :: xyr_NormMassFlux        (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_NormMassFluxCldTop   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! Liquid water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! Mass flux distribution function
    real(DP) :: xyz_MassFluxDistFunc    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xyz_DelH2OMass  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_H2OMassB     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_H2OMassA     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_RainCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_NegDDelLWDt   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    logical  :: xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! Flag showing whether a parcel in cloud has moist static 
                              ! energy larger than environment's

    real(DP) :: xyr_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_SurfPotTemp       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    ! Variables for looking for top of mixed layer
    !
    logical  :: xy_FlagMixLayTopFound (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    integer  :: xy_IndexMixLayTop     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    ! Variables for modification of cloud mass flux
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapTentative   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactor
    real(DP) :: xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_TempB   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の温度.
                              ! Temperature before adjustment
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の比湿.
                              ! Specific humidity before adjustment

    ! Flags for modification of
    !
    logical  :: xy_FlagKernelNegative (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    logical  :: xy_FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    ! Variables for subsidence mass flux between updrafts
    !
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
    real(DP) :: NormMassFlux


    ! Variables for debug
    !
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DelVal(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: Ratio


    real(DP) :: xy_SumTmp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    integer :: i               ! 経度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer :: j               ! 緯度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: l
    integer :: m
    integer :: n



    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if

    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! 調節前 "Temp", "QH2OVap" の保存
    ! Store "Temp", "QH2OVap" before adjustment
    !
    xyz_TempB    = xyz_Temp
    xyz_QH2OVapB = xyz_QH2OVap


    ! Preparation of variables
    !
    !
    !   Auxiliary variables
    !     Pressure difference between upper and lower interface of the layer
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) = xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k)
    end do
    !     beta
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_Beta(:,:,k)       = CpDry / Grav * ( xyr_Exner(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Exner(:,:,k) )
    end do
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_BetaCldTop(:,:,k) = CpDry / Grav * ( xyr_Exner(:,:,k-1) - xyz_Exner(:,:,k) )
    end do
    !
    ! Search for top of mixed layer (lifting condensation level) based on 
    !   a description in p.684 of Arakawa and Shubert (1974). 
    !
    call RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight( xyz_Temp, xyz_Exner, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_Height, xyr_Height )
    !
    !====================================
    !
!!$    xyz_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,1) = xyz_Temp(:,:,1)
!!$    do k = 2, kmax
!!$      xyz_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = &
!!$        & xyz_Temp(:,:,1) - Grav / CpDry * ( xyz_Height(:,:,k) - xyz_Height(:,:,1) )
!!$    end do
!!$    xyz_TempAdiabAscent = max( xyz_TempAdiabAscent, 1.0_DP )
!!$    xyz_QH2OVapSat = xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyz_TempAdiabAscent, xyz_Press )
!!$    xy_IndexMixLayTop     = 1
!!$    xy_FlagMixLayTopFound = .false.
!!$    do k = 2, kmax
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,1) >= xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) .and. &
!!$            &  ( .not. xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) )                 ) then
!!$            xy_IndexMixLayTop    (i,j) = k - 1
!!$            xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) = .true.
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$    end do
    !
    !------------------------------------
    !
!!$    xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,0) = xy_SurfTemp
!!$    do k = 1, kmax
!!$      xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = &
!!$        & xy_SurfTemp - Grav / CpDry * ( xyr_Height(:,:,k) - 0.0_DP )
!!$    end do
!!$    xyr_TempAdiabAscent = max( xyr_TempAdiabAscent, 1.0_DP )
!!$
    xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,0) = xy_SurfTemp
    xy_SurfPotTemp = xy_SurfTemp / xyr_Exner(:,:,0)
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = xy_SurfPotTemp * xyr_Exner(:,:,k)
    end do
    !
    xyr_QH2OVapSat(:,:,0       ) = 1.0d100
    xyr_QH2OVapSat(:,:,1:kmax-1) = xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,1:kmax-1), xyr_Press(:,:,1:kmax-1) )
    xyr_QH2OVapSat(:,:,kmax    ) = xyr_QH2OVapSat(:,:,kmax-1)
    !
    xy_IndexMixLayTop     = 1
    xy_FlagMixLayTopFound = .false.
    do k = 2, kmax
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,1) >= xyr_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) .and. ( .not. xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) )                 ) then
            xy_IndexMixLayTop    (i,j) = k - 1
            xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) = .true.
          end if
        end do
      end do
    end do
    !
    !====================================
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        if ( .not. xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) ) then
          xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) = kmax - 1
        end if
      end do
    end do
    !
    !   Critical cloud work function
    !
    if ( FlagZeroCrtlCWF ) then
      xyz_CWFCrtl = 0.0_DP
    else
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          xy_PressCldBase(i,j) = xyr_Press(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j))
        end do
      end do
      call ArakawaSchubertL1982CalcCWFCrtl( xy_PressCldBase, xyz_Press, xyz_CWFCrtl )
    end if
    !
    !   Rain conversion factor
    !
    if ( RainConversionFactor < 0.0_DP ) then
      do k = 1, kmax
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( xyz_Press(i,j,k) < 500.0d2 ) then
              xyz_RainFactor(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP
            else if ( xyz_Press(i,j,k) < 800.0d2 ) then
              xyz_RainFactor(i,j,k) = 0.8_DP + ( 800.0d2 - xyz_Press(i,j,k) ) / 1500.0d2
            else
              xyz_RainFactor(i,j,k) = 0.8_DP
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
    else
      xyz_RainFactor = RainConversionFactor
    end if



    xyz_RainCumulus     (:,:,1) = 0.0_DP
    xyz_EntParam        (:,:,1) = 0.0_DP
    xyz_CWF             (:,:,1) = 0.0_DP
    xyz_DCWFDtLS        (:,:,1) = 0.0_DP
    xyz_MassFluxDistFunc(:,:,1) = 0.0_DP


    if ( present( xyz_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
      xyz_MoistConvDetTend(:,:,1) = 0.0_DP
    end if
    if ( present( xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
      ! Subsidence mass flux between the updrafts
      ! Initialization
      !
      xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux = 0.0_DP
    end if


    loop_cloud_top : do l = 2, kmax


      call RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight( xyz_Temp, xyz_Exner, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_Height, xyr_Height )


      !   Potential temperature
      !
      xyz_PotTemp = xyz_Temp / xyz_Exner

      !   Saturation mixing ratio
      !
      xyz_QH2OVapSat = xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyz_Temp, xyz_Press )

      !   Calculation of dry and moist static energies
      !
      xyz_EnvDryStaticEne      = CpDry * xyz_Temp + Grav * xyz_Height
      xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne    = xyz_EnvDryStaticEne + LatentHeat * xyz_QH2OVap
      !
      k = 0
      xyr_EnvDryStaticEne  (:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      do k = 1, kmax-1
        xyr_EnvDryStaticEne  (:,:,k) = ( xyz_EnvDryStaticEne  (:,:,k) + xyz_EnvDryStaticEne  (:,:,k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
        xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) = ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) + xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
      end do
      k = kmax
      xyr_EnvDryStaticEne  (:,:,k) = xyz_EnvDryStaticEne  (:,:,k)
      xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) = xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k)

      !   Calculation of saturated moist static energy
      !
      xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat = xyz_EnvDryStaticEne + LatentHeat * xyz_QH2OVapSat
      !
      k = 0
      xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      do k = 1, kmax-1
        xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k) = ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k) + xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
      end do
      k = kmax
      xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k) = xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k)


      !   Auxiliary variables
      !
      xyz_Gamma = LatentHeat / CpDry * xyz_CalcDQVapSatDTemp( xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVapSat )
      !
      k = 1
      xyz_Mu (:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      xyz_Eps(:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      do k = 2, kmax
        xyz_Mu (:,:,k) = ( xyz_Exner(:,:,k  ) - xyr_Exner(:,:,k) ) / ( xyz_Exner(:,:,k) * ( 1.0_DP + xyz_Gamma(:,:,k) ) )
        xyz_Eps(:,:,k) = ( xyr_Exner(:,:,k-1) - xyz_Exner(:,:,k) ) / ( xyz_Exner(:,:,k) * ( 1.0_DP + xyz_Gamma(:,:,k) ) )
      end do


      ! Entrainment parameter
      !
      call RelaxedArakawaSchubertEntParam( l, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_PotTemp, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, xy_IndexMixLayTop, xy_EntParam )
      if ( l >= 3 ) then
        call RelaxedArakawaSchubertEntParam( l-1, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_PotTemp, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, xy_IndexMixLayTop, xy_EntParamLL )
      else
        xy_EntParamLL = 1.0d100
      end if
      if ( l <= kmax-1 ) then
        call RelaxedArakawaSchubertEntParam( l+1, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_PotTemp, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, xy_IndexMixLayTop, xy_EntParamUL )
      else
        xy_EntParamUL = 1.0d100
      end if
      !   for output
      xyz_EntParam(:,:,l) = xy_EntParam


      ! Difference of normalized mass flux
      !
      !   difference of normalized mass flux between layer bottom and top
      !
      xyz_DelNormMassFlux(:,:,1) = 1.0d100
      do k = 2, l-1
        xyz_DelNormMassFlux(:,:,k) = - xy_EntParam * xyz_Beta(:,:,k) * xyz_PotTemp(:,:,k)
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        xyz_DelNormMassFlux(:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      end do
      !
      !   difference of normalized mass flux between layer bottom and mid-point
      !
      xy_DelNormMassFluxCldTop = - xy_EntParam * xyz_BetaCldTop(:,:,l) * xyz_PotTemp(:,:,l)


      ! Normalized mass flux
      !
      !   normalized mass flux at layer interface
      !
      xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,0) = 0.0_DP
      do k = 1, l-1
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( k < xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
              xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
            else if ( k == xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
              xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP
            else
              xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k) = xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k-1) - xyz_DelNormMassFlux(i,j,k)
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,k) = 0.0_DP
      end do
      !
      !   normalized mass flux at cloud top (at layer mid-point)
      !
      xy_NormMassFluxCldTop = xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,l-1) - xy_DelNormMassFluxCldTop


      ! Liquid water content at top of clouds
      !   If l is less than xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j), i.e. the cloud top is below top of 
      !   mixed layer, xy_SumTmp is zero, then, xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop is also zero.
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1

          if ( l > xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j))
            do k = xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)+1, l-1
              xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) - xyz_DelNormMassFlux(i,j,k) * xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k)
            end do
            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) - xy_DelNormMassFluxCldTop(i,j) * xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,l)
          else
            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = 0.0_DP
          end if

        end do
      end do
      xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop = xy_SumTmp / ( xy_NormMassFluxCldTop + 1.0d-100 ) - xyz_QH2OVapSat(:,:,l)

      ! Check whether kernel is positive or negative.
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
            xy_FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop(i,j) = .true.
          else
            xy_FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop(i,j) = .false.
          end if
        end do
      end do

      !   avoid negative value
      xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop = max( xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop, 0.0_DP )


      ! Moist static energy in clouds
      !
      xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(:,:,0) = 1.0d100
      do k = 1, l-1
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( k < xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
              xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) = 1.0d100
            else if ( k == xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
              xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) = xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j))
            else
              xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) = ( xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k-1) * xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k-1) - xyz_DelNormMassFlux(i,j,k) * xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(i,j,k)  ) / xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k)
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) = 1.0d100
      end do


      !###############################################
      ! Check whether a parcel in cloud has moist static energy larger than environment's
      !
!!$      xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp = .false.
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          do k = xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j), l-1
!!$            if ( xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,k) < xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) ) then
!!$              xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(i,j) = .true.
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
      !###############################################


      ! Cloud work function
      !
      xy_CWF = 0.0_DP
      do k = 2, l-1
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( k > xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
              xy_CWF(i,j) = xy_CWF(i,j) + xyz_Mu (i,j,k) * xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k  ) * ( xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k  ) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,k) ) + xyz_Eps(i,j,k) * xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k-1) * ( xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k-1) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,k) )
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
      k = l
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( k > xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
            xy_CWF(i,j) = xy_CWF(i,j) + xyz_Eps(i,j,k) * xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k-1) * ( xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k-1) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,k) )
          end if
        end do
      end do

      !   for save
      xyz_CWF(:,:,l) = xy_CWF

      ! Time derivative of cloud work function by large scale motion
      !
      xy_DCWFDtLS = ( xy_CWF - xyz_CWFCrtl(:,:,l) ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
      !   for save
      xyz_DCWFDtLS(:,:,l) = xy_DCWFDtLS

      ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
      !
      do k = 1, l
        xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) = - Grav / xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) * (   xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,k-1) * ( xyr_EnvDryStaticEne(:,:,k-1) - xyz_EnvDryStaticEne(:,:,k) ) + xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,k  ) * ( xyz_EnvDryStaticEne(:,:,k  ) - xyr_EnvDryStaticEne(:,:,k) ) )
      end do
      k = l
      xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) = xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) - Grav / xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) * LatentHeat * xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop * xy_NormMassFluxCldTop * ( 1.0_DP - xyz_RainFactor(:,:,k) )
      do k = l+1, kmax
        xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) = 0.0_DP
      end do


      ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux
      !
      do k = 1, l
        xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) = - Grav / xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) * (   xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,k-1) * ( xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k-1) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) ) + xyr_NormMassFlux(:,:,k  ) * ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k  ) - xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) ) )
      end do
      k = l
      xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) = xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) + Grav / xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) * xy_NormMassFluxCldTop * ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(:,:,k) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(:,:,k) )
      do k = l+1, kmax
        xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) = 0.0_DP
      end do


      ! Kernel, time derivative of cloud work function by cumulus convection per unit 
      ! mass flux
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1

          xy_Kernel(i,j) = xyz_Eps(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)+1) * xyz_GammaMSE(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) - xyz_Eps(i,j,l) * xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,l-1) * ( 1.0_DP + xyz_Gamma(i,j,l) ) * xyz_GammaDSE(i,j,l)
          do n = xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)+1, l-1
            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = 0.0_DP
            do m = xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)+1, n
              xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) + xyz_DelNormMassFlux(i,j,m) * xyz_GammaMSE(i,j,m)
            end do
            xy_Kernel(i,j) = xy_Kernel(i,j) + ( xyz_Eps(i,j,n+1) + xyz_Mu(i,j,n) ) * ( xyz_GammaMSE(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) - xy_SumTmp(i,j) ) - (   xyz_Eps(i,j,n) * xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,n-1) + xyz_Mu (i,j,n) * xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,n  ) ) * ( 1.0_DP + xyz_Gamma(i,j,n) ) * xyz_GammaDSE(i,j,n)
          end do

        end do
      end do

      ! Check whether kernel is positive or negative.
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xy_Kernel(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
            xy_FlagKernelNegative(i,j) = .true.
          else
            xy_FlagKernelNegative(i,j) = .false.
          end if
        end do
      end do


      ! Load et al. (1982), p.108
      xy_Kernel = min( xy_Kernel, -5.0d-3 )


      ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom
      !
      xy_CldMassFluxBottom = - xy_DCWFDtLS / xy_Kernel
      !
      !   mass flux has to be zero or positive
      xy_CldMassFluxBottom = max( xy_CldMassFluxBottom, 0.0_DP )
      !   mass flux is zero if entrainment parameter is zero or negative
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xy_EntParam(i,j) <= 0.0_DP ) then
            xy_CldMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
!!$      !   mass flux is zero if it is below lifting condensation level
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( .not. xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(i,j) ) then
!!$            xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
      !   mass flux is zero if the LNB is unstable for updrafts
      !   (i.e., if the parcel is positively buoyant just above the LNB).
      !   See Lord et al. (1982), p.112, for more details.
      !   Strictly speaking, the process below is different from that 
      !   proposed by Lord et al. (1982). Lord et al. (1982) compare 
      !   entrainment parameters at 3 levels. But, entrainment 
      !   parameters at 2 levels are compared below, because comparison 
      !   of values between 2 levels seems to be sufficient.
!!$      if ( ( 3 <= l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) < xy_EntParam  (i,j) ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) ) then
!!$              if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$                &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$                &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$                xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$              end if
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end if
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) == l ) then
!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$              if ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) then
!!$                xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$              end if
!!$            end if
!!$          else if ( ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) < l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$              if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) < xy_EntParam  (i,j) ) .and. &
!!$                &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) ) then
          if ( ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) <= l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
            if ( ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
              if ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) then
                xy_CldMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
              end if
            end if
          end if
        end do
      end do
      !
      !   mass flux is zero unless kernel is negative
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( .not. xy_FlagKernelNegative(i,j) ) then
            xy_CldMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
      !
      !   mass flux is zero if liquid water at a cloud top is negative
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xy_FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop(i,j) ) then
            xy_CldMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
      !
      !   multiply factor
      !
      xy_CldMassFluxBottom = xy_CldMassFluxBottom * min( 2.0_DP * DelTime / AdjTimeConst, 1.0_DP )
      !
      !   for output
      xyz_MassFluxDistFunc(:,:,l) = xy_CldMassFluxBottom



      ! Check values of cloud mass flux
      !   If water vapor amount transported by convection is larger than that in a 
      !   column, cloud mass flux is reduced.
      !
      !   tendency of specific humidity is calculated tentatively
      do k = 1, kmax
        xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(:,:,k) = + xy_CldMassFluxBottom * ( xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) - xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) ) / LatentHeat
      end do
      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column after RAS
      xyz_QH2OVapTentative = xyz_QH2OVap + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor = 1.0_DP
      do k = 1, kmax
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( xyz_QH2OVapTentative(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
              CldMassFluxCorFactor = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) / ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) - xyz_QH2OVapTentative(i,j,k) )
            else
              CldMassFluxCorFactor = 1.0_DP
            end if
            if ( CldMassFluxCorFactor < xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor(i,j) ) then
              xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor(i,j) = CldMassFluxCorFactor
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
      !   modify cloud mass flux
      xy_CldMassFluxBottom = xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor * xy_CldMassFluxBottom



!!$      do k = 1, kmax
!!$        xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(:,:,k) =                                                  &
!!$          & + xy_CloudMassFluxBottom * ( xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) - xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) ) &
!!$          &     / LatentHeat
!!$      end do
!!$      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column before RAS
!!$      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$      xy_H2OMassB = 0.0_DP
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        xy_H2OMassB = xy_H2OMassB + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
!!$      end do
!!$      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column after RAS
!!$      xyz_QH2OVapTentative = xyz_QH2OVap + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVapTentative * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$      xy_H2OMassA = 0.0_DP
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        xy_H2OMassA = xy_H2OMassA + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
!!$      end do
!!$      !   modify cloud mass flux
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( xy_H2OMassA(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            ! A safety factor ( 1.0_DP + 1.0d-5 ) is arbitrary.
!!$            xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j)                 &
!!$              & * xy_H2OMassB(i,j)                                                    &
!!$              &     / ( ( xy_H2OMassB(i,j) - xy_H2OMassA(i,j) ) * ( 1.0_DP + 1.0d-5 ) )
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do



      ! Tendencies of specific temperature and humidity
      !
      do k = 1, kmax
        xyz_DTempDtCumulus(:,:,k) = + xy_CldMassFluxBottom * xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) / CpDry
        xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(:,:,k) = + xy_CldMassFluxBottom * ( xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) - xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) ) / LatentHeat
      end do
!!$      !
!!$      !   modification of tendency of temperature and water vapor in the mixed layer
!!$      !
!!$      if ( FlagUniformMixedLayer ) then
!!$        xy_SumTmp = 0.0_DP
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$                  & + xyz_DTempDtCumulus(i,j,k) &
!!$                  &     * ( xyr_Press(i,j,k-1) - xyr_Press(i,j,k) )
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$              & / ( xyr_Press(i,j,0) - xyr_Press(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) )
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xyz_DTempDtCumulus(i,j,k) = xy_SumTmp(i,j)
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        !
!!$        xy_SumTmp = 0.0_DP
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$                  & + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(i,j,k) &
!!$                  &     * ( xyr_Press(i,j,k-1) - xyr_Press(i,j,k) )
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$              & / ( xyr_Press(i,j,0) - xyr_Press(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) )
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(i,j,k) = xy_SumTmp(i,j)
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end if



      ! add tendencies to temperature and specific humidity
      !
      xyz_Temp    = xyz_Temp    + xyz_DTempDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      xyz_QH2OVap = xyz_QH2OVap + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime


      ! Precipitation rate at cloud top level
      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
      !
      xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,l) = xy_CldMassFluxBottom * xyz_RainFactor(:,:,l) * xy_NormMassFluxCldTop * xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop



      ! mass fix
      !
      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column
      xy_H2OMassB = 0.0_DP
      do k = kmax, 1, -1
        xy_H2OMassB = xy_H2OMassB + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
      end do
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xy_H2OMassB(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
            call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Mass of water vapor in a column is negative (%d,%d), %f.', i = (/i,j/), d = (/xy_H2OMassB(i,j)/) )
          end if
        end do
      end do
      !   negative mass is borrowed from above
      do k = 1, kmax-1
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
              xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k+1) = xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k+1) + xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k)
              xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k  ) = 0.0_DP
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
      k = kmax
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then

!!$            call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name,                                   &
!!$              & 'Mass of water vapor in the top layer is negative (%d,%d,%d), %f.', &
!!$              & i = (/i,j,k/), d = (/xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k)/) )
!!$
!!$            xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l) = xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l) &
!!$              & - xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
!!$            xyz_Temp       (i,j,k) = xyz_Temp(i,j,k)                                 &
!!$              & - LatentHeat * xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) / ( xyz_DelPress(i,j,k) / Grav )&
!!$              &    / CpDry

            xyz_DelH2OMass (i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l) < 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, &
!!$              & 'Mass of water vapor is insufficient at (%d,%d,%d), %f.', &
!!$              & i = (/i,j,k/), d = (/xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l)/) )
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do


      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column, again
      xy_H2OMassA = 0.0_DP
      do k = kmax, 1, -1
        xy_H2OMassA = xy_H2OMassA + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
      end do
      !   total mass in a vertical column is adjusted
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xy_H2OMassA(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            write( 6, * ) i, j, xy_H2OMassB(i,j), xy_H2OMassB(i,j) / xy_H2OMassA(i,j)
            do k = 1, kmax
              xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) = xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) * xy_H2OMassB(i,j) / xy_H2OMassA(i,j)
            end do
          else
            do k = 1, kmax
              xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
            end do
          end if
        end do
      end do
      xyz_QH2OVap = xyz_DelH2OMass / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )


      ! Detrainment mass tendency per unit mass (kg m-3 s-1 / ( kg m-3 ) = s-1).
      ! This corresponds to condensation rate (kg m-2 s-1) divided by layer thickness (m)
      ! and density (kg m-3), in other words.

      ! kg m-2 s-1 / ( Pa / ( m s-2 ) )
      ! = kg m-2 s-1 Pa-1 m s-1 = kg m-2 (kg m s-2 m-2)-1 m s-2
      ! = kg m-2 s-1 kg-1 m-1 s2 m2 m s-2 = s-1

      if ( present( xyz_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
        xyz_MoistConvDetTend(:,:,l) = xy_CldMassFluxBottom * xy_NormMassFluxCldTop / ( xyz_DelPress(:,:,l) / Grav )
      end if

      if ( present( xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
        ! Subsidence mass flux between the updrafts
        do k = 1, l-1
          do j = 1, jmax
            do i = 0, imax-1
              if ( k > xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
                DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer = - xy_EntParam(i,j) * xyz_BetaCldTop(i,j,k) * xyz_PotTemp(i,j,k)
                NormMassFlux = xyr_NormMassFlux(i,j,k-1) - DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
                xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(i,j,k) = xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(i,j,k) + xy_CldMassFluxBottom(i,j) * NormMassFlux
              end if
            end do
          end do
        end do
      end if


    end do loop_cloud_top




    ! 温度変化率, 比湿変化率
    ! Calculate specific humidity tendency and temperature tendency
    !   (In fact, temperature tendency does not need to calculate, here.)
    !
    xyz_DTempDtCumulus = ( xyz_Temp    - xyz_TempB    ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
    xyz_DQVapDtCumulus = ( xyz_QH2OVap - xyz_QH2OVapB ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )


    xyz_DTempDt = xyz_DTempDt + xyz_DTempDtCumulus
    xyz_DQVapDt = xyz_DQVapDt + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus



    ! Precipitation rate at the surface
    !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
    !
!!$    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
!!$    end do


    xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_RainCumulus / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )

!!$    xyz_RainCumulus = xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$
!!$    xy_Rain     = xy_Rain     + xy_RainCumulus



    ! Calculation for debug
    !   check of conservation of water amount and internal energy
    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = xyz_QH2OVapB * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValB = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValB = xy_SumValB + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValA = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xy_RainCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$    !
!!$    do j = 1, jmax
!!$      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        Ratio = ( xy_SumValA(i,j) - xy_SumValB(i,j) ) &
!!$          & / max( xy_SumValA(i,j), 1.0d-100 )
!!$        if ( abs( Ratio ) > 1.0d-14 ) then
!!$          write( 6, * ) 'H2O: ', i, j, &
!!$            & xy_SumValB(i,j), xy_SumValA(i,j), &
!!$            & xy_RainCumulus(i,j) * 2.0_DP * DelTime, &
!!$            & Ratio
!!$        end if
!!$      end do
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = CpDry * xyz_TempB * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValB = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValB = xy_SumValB + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = CpDry * xyz_Temp * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValA = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA - LatentHeat * xy_RainCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$    !
!!$    do j = 1, jmax
!!$      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        Ratio = ( xy_SumValA(i,j) - xy_SumValB(i,j) ) &
!!$          & / max( xy_SumValA(i,j), 1.0d-100 )
!!$        if ( abs( Ratio ) > 1.0d-14 ) then
!!$          write( 6, * ) 'CpT: ', i, j, &
!!$            & xy_SumValB(i,j), xy_SumValA(i,j), &
!!$            & - LatentHeat * xy_RainCumulus(i,j) * 2.0_DP * DelTime, &
!!$            & Ratio
!!$        end if
!!$      end do
!!$    end do


    ! calculation for output
    xyz_RainCumulus = xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
    end do


    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RainCumulus'        , xy_RainCumulus * LatentHeat )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'DTempDtCumulus'     , xyz_DTempDtCumulus          )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'DQVapDtCumulus'     , xyz_DQVapDtCumulus          )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASMassFluxDistFunc', xyz_MassFluxDistFunc        )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASEntParam'        , xyz_EntParam                )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASCWF'             , xyz_CWF                     )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASCWFCrtl'         , xyz_CWFCrtl                 )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASDCWFDtLS'        , xyz_DCWFDtLS                )
!!$    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASMixLayTopIndex'  , real( xy_IndexMixLayTop )   )



!!$    if ( present( xyz_DQH2OLiqDt ) ) then
!!$
!!$      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
!!$      xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV = xyz_RainCumulus
!!$
!!$      ! Negative cloud production rate is filled with values in lower layers.
!!$      !
!!$      xy_NegDDelLWDt = 0.0d0
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) + xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j)
!!$            if ( xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) < 0.0d0 ) then
!!$              xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k)
!!$              xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = 0.0d0
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$
!!$      !   unit is s-1
!!$      xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$
!!$    end if


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubert
Subroutine :
xy_SurfTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyz_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyr_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
xyz_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
xyr_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: Temperature
xyz_QH2OVap(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
!$ real(DP), intent(inout) :xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!$ ! 降水量. !$ ! Precipitation

xyz_DTempDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 温度変化率. Temperature tendency
xyz_DQVapDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 比湿変化率. Specific humidity tendency
xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
xyz_MoistConvDetTend(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubert1DWrapper( xy_SurfTemp, xyz_Press, xyr_Press, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVap, xyz_DTempDt, xyz_DQVapDt, xyz_DQH2OLiqDt, xyz_MoistConvDetTend, xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . 
                              ! 凝結の潜熱. 
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xyz_CalcQVapSat, xyz_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ArakawaSchubertL1982CalcCWFCrtl


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xy_SurfTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Press   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Press   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Exner   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Exner   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_Temp    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OVap (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_DQVapDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: xyz_MoistConvDetTend       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !

    real(DP) :: SurfTemp
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP) :: z_Press   (1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP) :: r_Press   (0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP) :: z_Exner   (1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP) :: r_Exner   (0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP) :: z_Temp    (1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVap (1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: z_DTempDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: z_DQVapDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: z_DQH2OLiqDt(1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: z_MoistConvDetTend       (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xy_RainCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 降水量. 
                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQVapDtCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: xyz_DelPress(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP) :: xyz_PotTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Potential temperature
                              !
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturation specific humidity. 

    ! Dry and moist static energy in environment (Env) and cloud (Cld)
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_CldMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_Kernel               (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by cumulus convection, kernel
    real(DP) :: xy_CWF                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
    real(DP) :: xyz_CWF                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_DCWFDtLS             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
    real(DP) :: xyz_DCWFDtLS            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_CldMassFluxBottom    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                   ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom

    real(DP) :: xyz_Beta                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_BetaCldTop          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Gamma               (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_GammaDSE            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP) :: xyz_GammaMSE            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux

    real(DP) :: xyz_Mu                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Eps                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_PressCldBase         (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Pressure of cloud base
    real(DP) :: xyz_CWFCrtl             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! "Critical value" of cloud work function
    real(DP) :: xyz_RainFactor          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_EntParam             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor
    real(DP) :: xyz_EntParam            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: xy_EntParamLL           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! higher level
    real(DP) :: xy_EntParamUL           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! lower level

    ! Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface
    real(DP) :: xyz_DelNormMassFlux     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_DelNormMassFluxCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    ! Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
    real(DP) :: xyr_NormMassFlux        (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_NormMassFluxCldTop   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! Liquid water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! Mass flux distribution function
    real(DP) :: xyz_MassFluxDistFunc    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xyz_DelH2OMass  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_H2OMassB     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_H2OMassA     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_RainCumulus (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    logical  :: xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 
                              ! Flag showing whether a parcel in cloud has moist static 
                              ! energy larger than environment's

    real(DP) :: xyr_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyr_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_SurfPotTemp       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    ! Variables for looking for top of mixed layer
    !
    logical  :: xy_FlagMixLayTopFound (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    integer  :: xy_IndexMixLayTop     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    ! Variables for modification of cloud mass flux
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapTentative   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactor
    real(DP) :: xy_CldMassFluxCorFactor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の比湿.
                              ! Specific humidity before adjustment

    ! Flags for modification of
    !
    logical  :: xy_FlagKernelNegative (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    logical  :: xy_FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    ! Variables for subsidence mass flux between updrafts
    !
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
    real(DP) :: NormMassFlux


    ! Variables for debug
    !
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DelVal(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: Ratio


    real(DP) :: xy_SumTmp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    integer :: i               ! 経度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer :: j               ! 緯度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: l
    integer :: m
    integer :: n



    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if

    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0 , imax-1

        SurfTemp = xy_SurfTemp(i,j)
        do k = 1, kmax
          z_Press  (k) = xyz_Press  (i,j,k)
          z_Exner  (k) = xyz_Exner  (i,j,k)
          z_Temp   (k) = xyz_Temp   (i,j,k)
          z_QH2OVap(k) = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k)
          z_DTempDt(k) = xyz_DTempDt(i,j,k)
          z_DQVapDt(k) = xyz_DQVapDt(i,j,k)
        end do
        do k = 0, kmax
          r_Press  (k) = xyr_Press  (i,j,k)
          r_Exner  (k) = xyr_Exner  (i,j,k)
        end do
        call RelaxedArakawaSchubert1D( SurfTemp, z_Press, r_Press, z_Exner, r_Exner, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_DTempDt, z_DQVapDt, z_DQH2OLiqDt, z_MoistConvDetTend, z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux )
        do k = 1, kmax
          xyz_Temp      (i,j,k) = z_Temp      (k)
          xyz_QH2OVap   (i,j,k) = z_QH2OVap   (k)
          xyz_DTempDt   (i,j,k) = z_DTempDt   (k)
          xyz_DQVapDt   (i,j,k) = z_DQVapDt   (k)
          xyz_DQH2OLiqDt(i,j,k) = z_DQH2OLiqDt(k)
        end do
        if ( present( xyz_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
          do k = 1, kmax
            xyz_MoistConvDetTend(i,j,k) = z_MoistConvDetTend(k)
          end do
        end if
        if ( present( xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
          do k = 1, kmax
            xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(i,j,k) = z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(k)
          end do
        end if

      end do
    end do

    ! calculation for output
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_DelPress(:,:,k) = xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k)
    end do
    xyz_RainCumulus = xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
    end do


    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RainCumulus'        , xy_RainCumulus * LatentHeat )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'DTempDtCumulus'     , xyz_DTempDtCumulus          )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'DQVapDtCumulus'     , xyz_DQVapDtCumulus          )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASMassFluxDistFunc', xyz_MassFluxDistFunc        )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASEntParam'        , xyz_EntParam                )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASCWF'             , xyz_CWF                     )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASCWFCrtl'         , xyz_CWFCrtl                 )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASDCWFDtLS'        , xyz_DCWFDtLS                )
!!$    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'RASMixLayTopIndex'  , real( xy_IndexMixLayTop )   )



!!$    if ( present( xyz_DQH2OLiqDt ) ) then
!!$
!!$      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
!!$      xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV = xyz_RainCumulus
!!$
!!$      ! Negative cloud production rate is filled with values in lower layers.
!!$      !
!!$      xy_NegDDelLWDt = 0.0d0
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) + xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j)
!!$            if ( xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) < 0.0d0 ) then
!!$              xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k)
!!$              xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = 0.0d0
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$
!!$      !   unit is s-1
!!$      xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$
!!$    end if


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubert1DWrapper
Subroutine :

moist_conv_adjust モジュールの初期化を行います. NAMELIST#moist_conv_adjust_nml の読み込みはこの手続きで行われます.

"moist_conv_adjust" module is initialized. "NAMELIST#moist_conv_adjust_nml" is loaded in this procedure.

This procedure input/output NAMELIST#relaxed_arakawa_schubert .

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertInit
    !
    ! moist_conv_adjust モジュールの初期化を行います. 
    ! NAMELIST#moist_conv_adjust_nml の読み込みはこの手続きで行われます. 
    !
    ! "moist_conv_adjust" module is initialized. 
    ! "NAMELIST#moist_conv_adjust_nml" is loaded in this procedure. 
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! ファイル入出力補助
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! 文字列操作
    ! Character handling
    !
    use dc_string, only: StoA

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoAddVariable

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ArakawaSchubertL1982Init

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !
    implicit none

    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号. 
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT. 
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    character(STRING) :: VarName

    integer:: k


    ! NAMELIST 変数群
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /relaxed_arakawa_schubert/ AdjTimeConst, RainConversionFactor, FlagZeroCrtlCWF
          ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "moist_conv_adjust#CumAdjInit" 
          ! のソースコードを参照のこと. 
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "moist_conv_adjust#MoistConvAdjustInit" for the default values. 
          !

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) return


    ! デフォルト値の設定
    ! Default values settings
    !
!!$    FlagUse               = .true.
!!$    FlagUniformMixedLayer = .false.
    AdjTimeConst          = 7200.0_DP
    RainConversionFactor  = -1.0_DP
    FlagZeroCrtlCWF       = .false.

    ! NAMELIST の読み込み
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = relaxed_arakawa_schubert, iostat = iostat_nml )              ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if


    ! Check values
    !
    if ( RainConversionFactor > 1.0_DP ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'RainConversionFactor is %f, but it must be less than or equal to 1', d = (/ RainConversionFactor /) )
    end if


    ! ヒストリデータ出力のためのへの変数登録
    ! Register of variables for history data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RainCumulus', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'precipitation by cumulus scheme, RAS', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'DTempDtCumulus', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'cumulus condensation heating, RAS', 'K s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'DQVapDtCumulus', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'cumulus condensation moistening, RAS', 'kg kg-1 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RASMassFluxDistFunc', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'mass flux distribution function, RAS', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RASEntParam', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'entrainment parameter', 'm-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RASCWF', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'cloud work function', 'J kg-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RASCWFCrtl', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'critical cloud work function', 'J kg-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RASDCWFDtLS', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sig ', 'time' /), 'time derivative of cloud work function by large scale', 'J kg-1 s-1' )
!!$    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'RASMixLayTopIndex', &
!!$      & (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), &
!!$      & 'index of top of mixed layer', '1' )


    do k = 1, kmax
      write( VarName, '(a,i3.3)' ) 'RASCldTemp', k
      call HistoryAutoAddVariable( Varname, (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sigm', 'time' /), 'temperature of cloud air', 'K' )
      write( VarName, '(a,i3.3)' ) 'RASCldQH2OVap', k
      call HistoryAutoAddVariable( Varname, (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sigm', 'time' /), 'mixing ratio of water vapor in cloud', '1' )
      write( VarName, '(a,i3.3)' ) 'RASCldQH2OLiq', k
      call HistoryAutoAddVariable( Varname, (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'sigm', 'time' /), 'mixing ratio of liquid water in cloud', '1' )
    end do



    ! Initialization of modules used in this module
    !

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    call ArakawaSchubertL1982Init


    ! 印字 ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )
!!$    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  FlagUse               = %b', l = (/ FlagUse /) )
!!$    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  FlagUniformMixedLayer = %b', l = (/ FlagUniformMixedLayer /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  AdjTimeConst          = %f', d = (/ AdjTimeConst /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  RainConversionFactor  = %f', d = (/ RainConversionFactor /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '  FlagZeroCrtlCWF       = %b', l = (/ FlagZeroCrtlCWF /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) )


    relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited = .true.

  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertInit

Private Instance methods

AdjTimeConst
Variable :
AdjTimeConst :real(DP), save
: Time constant for adjustment
FlagZeroCrtlCWF
Variable :
FlagZeroCrtlCWF :logical , save
: Flag for zero critical cloud work function
Subroutine :
SurfTemp :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
z_Press(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
r_Press(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
z_Exner(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
r_Exner(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
z_Temp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: Temperature
z_QH2OVap(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
!$ real(DP), intent(inout) :xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!$ ! 降水量. !$ ! Precipitation

z_DTempDt(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 温度変化率. Temperature tendency
z_DQVapDt(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 比湿変化率. Specific humidity tendency
z_DQH2OLiqDt(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
z_MoistConvDetTend(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
rz_CldTemp(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
rz_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
rz_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
rz_CldQH2OSol(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RAS1DTesting( SurfTemp, z_Press, r_Press, z_Exner, r_Exner, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_DTempDt, z_DQVapDt, z_DQH2OLiqDt, z_MoistConvDetTend, z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux, rz_CldTemp, rz_CldQH2OVap, rz_CldQH2OLiq, rz_CldQH2OSol )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat, LatentHeatFusion
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] .
                              ! 融解の潜熱.
                              ! Latent heat of fusion

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: a_CalcQVapSat, a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ASL1982CalcCWFCrtl1D

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsWatFraction


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: SurfTemp
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Press   (1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: r_Press   (0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Exner   (1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: r_Exner   (0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_Temp    (1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_QH2OVap (1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_DTempDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_DQVapDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_DQH2OLiqDt(1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: z_MoistConvDetTend       (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: rz_CldTemp   (0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: rz_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: rz_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: rz_CldQH2OSol(0:kmax, 1:kmax)


    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: z_Height  (1:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: r_Height  (0:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: RainCumulus
                              ! 降水量. 
                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: z_DTempDtCumulus (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: z_DQVapDtCumulus (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: z_DelPress(1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP) :: z_PotTemp (1:kmax)
                              ! Potential temperature
                              !
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapSat(1:kmax)
                              ! 飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturation specific humidity. 

    ! Dry and moist static energy in environment (Env) and cloud (Cld)
    !
    real(DP) :: z_EnvDryStaticEne     (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEne   (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: z_EnvCondStaticEne    (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: r_CldMoistStaticEne   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldCondStaticEne    (0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: CldCondStaticEneCldTop

    real(DP) :: Kernel
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by cumulus convection, kernel
    real(DP) :: CWF
                   ! Cloud work function
    real(DP) :: z_CWF(1:kmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: DCWFDtLS
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
    real(DP) :: z_DCWFDtLS(1:kmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxBottom
                   ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom

    real(DP) :: z_Beta                (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_BetaCldTop          (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_Gamma               (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: z_GammaDSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP) :: z_GammaMSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux

    real(DP) :: z_Mu                  (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_Eps                 (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: PressCldBase
                                  ! Pressure of cloud base
    real(DP) :: z_CWFCrtl             (1:kmax)
                                  ! "Critical value" of cloud work function
    real(DP) :: z_RainFactor          (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: EntParam
                                  ! Entrainment factor
    real(DP) :: z_EntParam            (1:kmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: EntParamLL
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! higher level
    real(DP) :: EntParamUL
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! lower level

    ! Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface
    real(DP) :: z_DelNormMassFlux     (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxCldTop
    ! Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
    real(DP) :: r_NormMassFlux        (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: NormMassFluxCldTop

    ! cloud total water
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OTot(0:kmax)
    ! cloud total water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OTotCldTop
    ! cloud condensate at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OCondCldTop
    ! cloud water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OLiqCldTop
    ! cloud ice at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OSolCldTop
    ! cloud ice at cloud top for save
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OSolCldTopB

    real(DP) :: WatFrac

    ! Mass flux distribution function
    real(DP) :: z_MassFluxDistFunc    (1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: z_DelH2OMass  (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: H2OMassB
    real(DP) :: H2OMassA

    real(DP) :: z_RainCumulus (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: NegDDelLWDt
    real(DP) :: z_DDelLWDtCCPLV(1:kmax)

    logical  :: FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp
                              ! 
                              ! Flag showing whether a parcel in cloud has moist static 
                              ! energy larger than environment's

    real(DP) :: r_QH2OVapSat       (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_TempAdiabAscent  (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: SurfPotTemp

!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    ! Variables for looking for top of mixed layer
    !
    logical  :: FlagMixLayTopFound
    integer  :: IndexMixLayTop


    ! Variables for modification of cloud mass flux
    !
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapTentative   (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactor
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative

    real(DP) :: z_TempB   (1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の温度.
                              ! Temperature before adjustment
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapB(1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の比湿.
                              ! Specific humidity before adjustment

    ! Flags for modification of
    !
    logical  :: FlagKernelNegative
    logical  :: FlagNegH2OCondCldTop


    ! Variables for subsidence mass flux between updrafts
    !
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
    real(DP) :: NormMassFlux


    ! Variables for debug
    !
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DelVal(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: Ratio


    real(DP) :: CldTempB
    real(DP) :: a_DQVapSatDTemp(1:1)
    real(DP) :: DelTemp
    real(DP) :: r_CldTemp   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OSol(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldHeight (0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: SumTmp


    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: l
    integer :: m
    integer :: n



    ! Temporal
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OLiq(1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OSol(1:kmax)


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )



    ! Temporal
    z_QH2OLiq = 0.0_DP
    z_QH2OSol = 0.0_DP



    ! 調節前 "Temp", "QH2OVap" の保存
    ! Store "Temp", "QH2OVap" before adjustment
    !
    z_TempB    = z_Temp
    z_QH2OVapB = z_QH2OVap


    ! Preparation of variables
    !
    !
    !   Auxiliary variables
    !     Pressure difference between upper and lower interface of the layer
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_DelPress(k) = r_Press(k-1) - r_Press(k)
    end do
    !     beta
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_Beta(k)       = CpDry / Grav * ( r_Exner(k-1) - r_Exner(k) )
    end do
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_BetaCldTop(k) = CpDry / Grav * ( r_Exner(k-1) - z_Exner(k) )
    end do
    !
    ! Search for top of mixed layer (lifting condensation level) based on 
    !   a description in p.684 of Arakawa and Shubert (1974). 
    !
    call RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight1D( z_Temp, z_Exner, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_Height, r_Height )
    !
    !====================================
    !
!!$    xyz_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,1) = xyz_Temp(:,:,1)
!!$    do k = 2, kmax
!!$      xyz_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = &
!!$        & xyz_Temp(:,:,1) - Grav / CpDry * ( xyz_Height(:,:,k) - xyz_Height(:,:,1) )
!!$    end do
!!$    xyz_TempAdiabAscent = max( xyz_TempAdiabAscent, 1.0_DP )
!!$    xyz_QH2OVapSat = xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyz_TempAdiabAscent, xyz_Press )
!!$    xy_IndexMixLayTop     = 1
!!$    xy_FlagMixLayTopFound = .false.
!!$    do k = 2, kmax
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,1) >= xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) .and. &
!!$            &  ( .not. xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) )                 ) then
!!$            xy_IndexMixLayTop    (i,j) = k - 1
!!$            xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) = .true.
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$    end do
    !
    !------------------------------------
    !
!!$    xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,0) = xy_SurfTemp
!!$    do k = 1, kmax
!!$      xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = &
!!$        & xy_SurfTemp - Grav / CpDry * ( xyr_Height(:,:,k) - 0.0_DP )
!!$    end do
!!$    xyr_TempAdiabAscent = max( xyr_TempAdiabAscent, 1.0_DP )
!!$
    r_TempAdiabAscent(0) = SurfTemp
    SurfPotTemp = SurfTemp / r_Exner(0)
    do k = 1, kmax
      r_TempAdiabAscent(k) = SurfPotTemp * r_Exner(k)
    end do
    !
    r_QH2OVapSat(0       ) = 1.0d100
    r_QH2OVapSat(1:kmax-1) = a_CalcQVapSat( r_TempAdiabAscent(1:kmax-1), r_Press(1:kmax-1) )
    r_QH2OVapSat(kmax    ) = r_QH2OVapSat(kmax-1)
    !
    IndexMixLayTop     = 1
    FlagMixLayTopFound = .false.
    do k = 2, kmax
      if ( ( z_QH2OVap(1) >= r_QH2OVapSat(k) ) .and. ( .not. FlagMixLayTopFound )                 ) then
        IndexMixLayTop     = k - 1
        FlagMixLayTopFound = .true.
      end if
    end do
    !
    !====================================
    !
    if ( .not. FlagMixLayTopFound ) then
      IndexMixLayTop = kmax - 1
    end if
    !
    !   Critical cloud work function
    !
    if ( FlagZeroCrtlCWF ) then
      z_CWFCrtl = 0.0_DP
    else
      PressCldBase = r_Press(IndexMixLayTop)
      call ASL1982CalcCWFCrtl1D( PressCldBase, z_Press, z_CWFCrtl )
    end if
    !
    !   Rain conversion factor
    !
    if ( RainConversionFactor < 0.0_DP ) then
      do k = 1, kmax
        if ( z_Press(k) < 500.0d2 ) then
          z_RainFactor(k) = 1.0_DP
        else if ( z_Press(k) < 800.0d2 ) then
          z_RainFactor(k) = 0.8_DP + ( 800.0d2 - z_Press(k) ) / 1500.0d2
        else
          z_RainFactor(k) = 0.8_DP
        end if
      end do
    else
      z_RainFactor = RainConversionFactor
    end if


    z_RainCumulus     (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_EntParam        (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_CWF             (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_DCWFDtLS        (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_MassFluxDistFunc(1) = 0.0_DP


    if ( present( z_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
      z_MoistConvDetTend(1) = 0.0_DP
    end if
    if ( present( z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
      ! Subsidence mass flux between the updrafts
      ! Initialization
      !
      z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux = 0.0_DP
    end if


    r_CldTemp    = 1.0d100
    r_CldQH2OVap = 1.0d100
    r_CldQH2OLiq = 1.0d100
    r_CldQH2OSol = 1.0d100
    l = 1
    if ( present( rz_CldTemp    ) ) rz_CldTemp   (:,l) = r_CldTemp
    if ( present( rz_CldQH2OVap ) ) rz_CldQH2OVap(:,l) = r_CldQH2OVap
    if ( present( rz_CldQH2OLiq ) ) rz_CldQH2OLiq(:,l) = r_CldQH2OLiq
    if ( present( rz_CldQH2OSol ) ) rz_CldQH2OSol(:,l) = r_CldQH2OSol

    loop_cloud_top : do l = 2, kmax


      call RAS1DTestingCore01( l, z_Press, r_Press, z_Exner, r_Exner, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_QH2OLiq, z_QH2OSol, IndexMixLayTop, z_DelPress, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_RainFactor, z_PotTemp, z_DelNormMassFlux, DelNormMassFluxCldTop, r_NormMassFlux, NormMassFluxCldTop, CldQH2OLiqCldTop, CWF, EntParam, z_Mu, z_Eps, z_Gamma, z_GammaDSE, z_GammaMSE, FlagNegH2OCondCldTop, rz_CldTemp, rz_CldQH2OVap, rz_CldQH2OLiq, rz_CldQH2OSol )


      ! Time derivative of cloud work function by large scale motion
      !
      DCWFDtLS = ( CWF - z_CWFCrtl(l) ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )

      !   for save
      z_CWF(l) = CWF

      !   for output
      z_EntParam(l) = EntParam
      !   for save
      z_DCWFDtLS(l) = DCWFDtLS



      ! Kernel, time derivative of cloud work function by cumulus convection per unit 
      ! mass flux
      !
      Kernel = z_Eps(IndexMixLayTop+1) * z_GammaMSE(IndexMixLayTop) - z_Eps(l) * r_NormMassFlux(l-1) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(l) ) * z_GammaDSE(l)
      do n = IndexMixLayTop+1, l-1
        SumTmp = 0.0_DP
        do m = IndexMixLayTop+1, n
          SumTmp = SumTmp + z_DelNormMassFlux(m) * z_GammaMSE(m)
        end do
        Kernel = Kernel + ( z_Eps(n+1) + z_Mu(n) ) * ( z_GammaMSE(IndexMixLayTop) - SumTmp ) - (   z_Eps(n) * r_NormMassFlux(n-1) + z_Mu (n) * r_NormMassFlux(n  ) ) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(n) ) * z_GammaDSE(n)
      end do

      ! Check whether kernel is positive or negative.
      !
      if ( Kernel < 0.0_DP ) then
        FlagKernelNegative = .true.
      else
        FlagKernelNegative = .false.
      end if


      ! Load et al. (1982), p.108
      Kernel = min( Kernel, -5.0d-3 )


      ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom
      !
      CldMassFluxBottom = - DCWFDtLS / Kernel
      !
      !   mass flux has to be zero or positive
      CldMassFluxBottom = max( CldMassFluxBottom, 0.0_DP )
      !   mass flux is zero if entrainment parameter is zero or negative
      if ( EntParam <= 0.0_DP ) then
        CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
      end if
!!$      !   mass flux is zero if it is below lifting condensation level
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( .not. xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(i,j) ) then
!!$            xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
      !   mass flux is zero if the LNB is unstable for updrafts
      !   (i.e., if the parcel is positively buoyant just above the LNB).
      !   See Lord et al. (1982), p.112, for more details.
      !   Strictly speaking, the process below is different from that 
      !   proposed by Lord et al. (1982). Lord et al. (1982) compare 
      !   entrainment parameters at 3 levels. But, entrainment 
      !   parameters at 2 levels are compared below, because comparison 
      !   of values between 2 levels seems to be sufficient.
!!!$      if ( ( 3 <= l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) < xy_EntParam  (i,j) ) .and. &
!!!$              &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) ) then
!!!$              if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!!$                &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!!$                &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!!$                xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!!$              end if
!!!$            end if
!!!$          end do
!!!$        end do
!!!$      end if

!!!$          if ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) == l ) then
!!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!!$              &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!!$              if ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) then
!!!$                xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!!$              end if
!!!$            end if
!!!$          else if ( ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) < l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!!$              &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!!$              &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!!$              if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) < xy_EntParam  (i,j) ) .and. &
!!!$                &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) ) then
      !
      ! This was used in a version without ice.
      ! But, now, lines below are commented out, because EntParamUL is not 
      ! set. (2014/02/02)
      !
!!$      if ( ( IndexMixLayTop <= l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!$        if ( ( EntParam   > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$          &  ( EntParamUL > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$          if ( EntParam   < EntParamUL ) then
!!$            CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
!!$          end if
!!$        end if
!!$      end if
      !
      !   mass flux is zero unless kernel is negative
      !
      if ( .not. FlagKernelNegative ) then
        CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
      end if
      !
      !   mass flux is zero if liquid water at a cloud top is negative
      !
      if ( FlagNegH2OCondCldTop ) then
        CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
      end if
      !
      !   multiply factor
      !
      CldMassFluxBottom = CldMassFluxBottom * min( 2.0_DP * DelTime / AdjTimeConst, 1.0_DP )
      !

      !   for output
      z_MassFluxDistFunc(l) = CldMassFluxBottom


      ! Check values of cloud mass flux
      !   If water vapor amount transported by convection is larger than that in a 
      !   column, cloud mass flux is reduced.
      !
      !   tendency of specific humidity is calculated tentatively
      do k = 1, kmax
        z_DQVapDtCumulus(k) = + CldMassFluxBottom * ( z_GammaMSE(k) - z_GammaDSE(k) ) / LatentHeat
      end do
      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column after RAS
      z_QH2OVapTentative = z_QH2OVap + z_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      CldMassFluxCorFactor = 1.0_DP
      do k = 1, kmax
        if ( z_QH2OVapTentative(k) < 0.0_DP ) then
          CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative = z_QH2OVap(k) / ( z_QH2OVap(k) - z_QH2OVapTentative(k) )
        else
          CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative = 1.0_DP
        end if
        if ( CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative < CldMassFluxCorFactor ) then
          CldMassFluxCorFactor = CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative
        end if
      end do
      !   modify cloud mass flux
      CldMassFluxBottom = CldMassFluxCorFactor * CldMassFluxBottom



!!$      do k = 1, kmax
!!$        xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(:,:,k) =                                                  &
!!$          & + xy_CloudMassFluxBottom * ( xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) - xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) ) &
!!$          &     / LatentHeat
!!$      end do
!!$      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column before RAS
!!$      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$      xy_H2OMassB = 0.0_DP
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        xy_H2OMassB = xy_H2OMassB + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
!!$      end do
!!$      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column after RAS
!!$      xyz_QH2OVapTentative = xyz_QH2OVap + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVapTentative * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$      xy_H2OMassA = 0.0_DP
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        xy_H2OMassA = xy_H2OMassA + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
!!$      end do
!!$      !   modify cloud mass flux
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( xy_H2OMassA(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            ! A safety factor ( 1.0_DP + 1.0d-5 ) is arbitrary.
!!$            xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j)                 &
!!$              & * xy_H2OMassB(i,j)                                                    &
!!$              &     / ( ( xy_H2OMassB(i,j) - xy_H2OMassA(i,j) ) * ( 1.0_DP + 1.0d-5 ) )
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do



      call RAS1DTestingCore02( l, z_DelPress, z_GammaDSE, z_GammaMSE, CldMassFluxBottom, z_RainFactor, NormMassFluxCldTop, CldQH2OLiqCldTop, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_DTempDtCumulus, z_DQVapDtCumulus, RainCumulus )
      z_RainCumulus(l) = RainCumulus


      ! Detrainment mass tendency per unit mass (kg m-3 s-1 / ( kg m-3 ) = s-1).
      ! This corresponds to condensation rate (kg m-2 s-1) divided by layer thickness (m)
      ! and density (kg m-3), in other words.

      ! kg m-2 s-1 / ( Pa / ( m s-2 ) )
      ! = kg m-2 s-1 Pa-1 m s-1 = kg m-2 (kg m s-2 m-2)-1 m s-2
      ! = kg m-2 s-1 kg-1 m-1 s2 m2 m s-2 = s-1

      if ( present( z_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
        z_MoistConvDetTend(l) = CldMassFluxBottom * NormMassFluxCldTop / ( z_DelPress(l) / Grav )
      end if

      if ( present( z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
        ! Subsidence mass flux between the updrafts
        do k = 1, l-1
          if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
            DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer = - EntParam * z_BetaCldTop(k) * z_PotTemp(k)
            NormMassFlux = r_NormMassFlux(k-1) - DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
            z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(k) = z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(k) + CldMassFluxBottom * NormMassFlux
          end if
        end do
      end if


    end do loop_cloud_top


    ! 温度変化率, 比湿変化率
    ! Calculate specific humidity tendency and temperature tendency
    !   (In fact, temperature tendency does not need to calculate, here.)
    !
    z_DTempDtCumulus = ( z_Temp    - z_TempB    ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
    z_DQVapDtCumulus = ( z_QH2OVap - z_QH2OVapB ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )


    z_DTempDt = z_DTempDt + z_DTempDtCumulus
    z_DQVapDt = z_DQVapDt + z_DQVapDtCumulus



    ! Precipitation rate at the surface
    !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
    !
!!$    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
!!$    end do


    z_DQH2OLiqDt = z_RainCumulus / ( z_DelPress / Grav )

!!$    xyz_RainCumulus = xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$
!!$    xy_Rain     = xy_Rain     + xy_RainCumulus



    ! Calculation for debug
    !   check of conservation of water amount and internal energy
    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = xyz_QH2OVapB * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValB = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValB = xy_SumValB + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValA = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xy_RainCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$    !
!!$    do j = 1, jmax
!!$      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        Ratio = ( xy_SumValA(i,j) - xy_SumValB(i,j) ) &
!!$          & / max( xy_SumValA(i,j), 1.0d-100 )
!!$        if ( abs( Ratio ) > 1.0d-14 ) then
!!$          write( 6, * ) 'H2O: ', i, j, &
!!$            & xy_SumValB(i,j), xy_SumValA(i,j), &
!!$            & xy_RainCumulus(i,j) * 2.0_DP * DelTime, &
!!$            & Ratio
!!$        end if
!!$      end do
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = CpDry * xyz_TempB * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValB = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValB = xy_SumValB + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = CpDry * xyz_Temp * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValA = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA - LatentHeat * xy_RainCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$    !
!!$    do j = 1, jmax
!!$      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        Ratio = ( xy_SumValA(i,j) - xy_SumValB(i,j) ) &
!!$          & / max( xy_SumValA(i,j), 1.0d-100 )
!!$        if ( abs( Ratio ) > 1.0d-14 ) then
!!$          write( 6, * ) 'CpT: ', i, j, &
!!$            & xy_SumValB(i,j), xy_SumValA(i,j), &
!!$            & - LatentHeat * xy_RainCumulus(i,j) * 2.0_DP * DelTime, &
!!$            & Ratio
!!$        end if
!!$      end do
!!$    end do


    ! calculation for output
    ! This calculation is meaningless because RainCumulus is not used below. 
    z_RainCumulus = z_DQH2OLiqDt * ( z_DelPress / Grav )
    RainCumulus = 0.0d0
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      RainCumulus = RainCumulus + z_RainCumulus(k)
    end do



!!$    if ( present( xyz_DQH2OLiqDt ) ) then
!!$
!!$      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
!!$      xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV = xyz_RainCumulus
!!$
!!$      ! Negative cloud production rate is filled with values in lower layers.
!!$      !
!!$      xy_NegDDelLWDt = 0.0d0
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) + xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j)
!!$            if ( xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) < 0.0d0 ) then
!!$              xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k)
!!$              xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = 0.0d0
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$
!!$      !   unit is s-1
!!$      xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$
!!$    end if


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RAS1DTesting
Subroutine :
l :integer , intent(in )
z_Press(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
r_Press(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
z_Exner(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
r_Exner(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
z_Temp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Temperature
z_QH2OVap(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
z_QH2OLiq(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_QH2OSol(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
IndexMixLayTop :integer , intent(in )
z_DelPress(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: $ Delta p $
z_Beta(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_BetaCldTop(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_RainFactor(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_PotTemp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
: Potential temperature

Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface

z_DelNormMassFlux(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
DelNormMassFluxCldTop :real(DP), intent(out )
: Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
r_NormMassFlux(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
NormMassFluxCldTop :real(DP), intent(out )
CldQH2OLiqCldTop :real(DP), intent(out )
CWF :real(DP), intent(out )
: Cloud work function
EntParam :real(DP), intent(out )
: Entrainment factor
z_Mu(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
z_Eps(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
z_Gamma(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
z_GammaDSE(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
: Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
z_GammaMSE(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
: Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux
FlagNegH2OCondCldTop :logical , intent(out )
: Flags for modification of
rz_CldTemp(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout), optional
rz_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout), optional
rz_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout), optional
rz_CldQH2OSol(0:kmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout), optional

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RAS1DTestingCore01( l, z_Press, r_Press, z_Exner, r_Exner, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_QH2OLiq, z_QH2OSol, IndexMixLayTop, z_DelPress, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_RainFactor, z_PotTemp, z_DelNormMassFlux, DelNormMassFluxCldTop, r_NormMassFlux, NormMassFluxCldTop, CldQH2OLiqCldTop, CWF, EntParam, z_Mu, z_Eps, z_Gamma, z_GammaDSE, z_GammaMSE, FlagNegH2OCondCldTop, rz_CldTemp, rz_CldQH2OVap, rz_CldQH2OLiq, rz_CldQH2OSol )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat, LatentHeatFusion
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] .
                              ! 融解の潜熱.
                              ! Latent heat of fusion

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: a_CalcQVapSat, a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ASL1982CalcCWFCrtl1D

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsWatFraction


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    integer , intent(in   ) :: l
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Press   (1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: r_Press   (0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Exner   (1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: r_Exner   (0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Temp    (1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_QH2OVap (1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_QH2OLiq(1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_QH2OSol(1:kmax)

    integer , intent(in   ) :: IndexMixLayTop
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_DelPress(1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Beta                (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_BetaCldTop          (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_RainFactor          (1:kmax)


!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_PotTemp (1:kmax)
                              ! Potential temperature
                              !
    ! Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_DelNormMassFlux     (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: DelNormMassFluxCldTop
    ! Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: r_NormMassFlux        (0:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: NormMassFluxCldTop

    ! cloud water at cloud top
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: CldQH2OLiqCldTop


    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: CWF
                   ! Cloud work function
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: EntParam
                                  ! Entrainment factor
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_Mu                  (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_Eps                 (1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_Gamma               (1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_GammaDSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_GammaMSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux

    logical , intent(out  ) :: FlagNegH2OCondCldTop
                          ! Flags for modification of

    real(DP), intent(inout), optional :: rz_CldTemp   (0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout), optional :: rz_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout), optional :: rz_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout), optional :: rz_CldQH2OSol(0:kmax, 1:kmax)


    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: z_Height  (1:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: r_Height  (0:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height

    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapSat(1:kmax)
                              ! 飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturation specific humidity. 

    ! Dry and moist static energy in environment (Env) and cloud (Cld)
    !
    real(DP) :: z_EnvDryStaticEne     (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEne   (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: z_EnvCondStaticEne    (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: r_CldMoistStaticEne   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldCondStaticEne    (0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: CldCondStaticEneCldTop

    real(DP) :: z_CWF(1:kmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
                   ! (variable for output)

    real(DP) :: z_EntParam            (1:kmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor (variable for output)
!!$    real(DP) :: EntParamLL
!!$                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
!!$                                  ! higher level
!!$    real(DP) :: EntParamUL
!!$                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
!!$                                  ! lower level

    ! cloud total water
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OTot(0:kmax)
    ! cloud total water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OTotCldTop
    ! cloud condensate at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OCondCldTop
    ! cloud ice at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OSolCldTop
    ! cloud ice at cloud top for save
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OSolCldTopB

    real(DP) :: WatFrac

    ! Variables for debug
    !
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DelVal(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: Ratio


    real(DP) :: CldTempB
    real(DP) :: a_DQVapSatDTemp(1:1)
    real(DP) :: DelTemp
    real(DP) :: r_CldTemp   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OVap(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OLiq(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldQH2OSol(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldHeight (0:kmax)


    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: m
    integer :: n




    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    call RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight1D( z_Temp, z_Exner, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_Height, r_Height )

    !   Potential temperature
    !
    z_PotTemp = z_Temp / z_Exner

    !   Saturation mixing ratio
    !
    z_QH2OVapSat = a_CalcQVapSat( z_Temp, z_Press )

    !   Calculation of dry and moist static energies
    !
    z_EnvDryStaticEne      = CpDry * z_Temp + Grav * z_Height
    z_EnvMoistStaticEne    = z_EnvDryStaticEne + LatentHeat * z_QH2OVap
    !
    k = 0
    r_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) = 1.0d100
    r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) = 1.0d100
    do k = 1, kmax-1
      r_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) = ( z_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) + z_EnvDryStaticEne  (k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
      r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) = ( z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) + z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
    end do
    k = kmax
    r_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) = z_EnvDryStaticEne  (k)
    r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) = z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k)

    !   Calculation of saturated moist static energy
    !
    z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat = z_EnvDryStaticEne + LatentHeat * z_QH2OVapSat
    !
    k = 0
    r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) = 1.0d100
    do k = 1, kmax-1
      r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) = ( z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) + z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
    end do
    k = kmax
    r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) = z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k)

    !   Calculation of saturated moist static energy
    !
    z_EnvCondStaticEne  = z_EnvMoistStaticEne - LatentHeatFusion * z_QH2OSol



    ! Iteration for entrainment parameter determination
    !
    !   Initialization
    !
    CldQH2OSolCldTop = 0.0_DP
    !
    loop_entparam : do m = 1, 100

      ! save current value of cloud ice at cloud top
      CldQH2OSolCldTopB = CldQH2OSolCldTop

      ! cloud condensate static energy at cloud top
      CldCondStaticEneCldTop = z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(l) - LatentHeatFusion * CldQH2OSolCldTop


      ! Entrainment parameter
      !
      call RASEntParamWithIce1D( l, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp, z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvCondStaticEne, CldCondStaticEneCldTop, IndexMixLayTop, EntParam )
      ! subroutines below are commented out temporarily
!!$      if ( l >= 3 ) then
!!$        call RASEntParam1D(                 &
!!$          & l-1,                                             & ! (in)
!!$          & z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp,           & ! (in)
!!$          & z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, & ! (in)
!!$          & IndexMixLayTop,                               & ! (in)
!!$          & EntParamLL                                    & ! (out)
!!$          & )
!!$      else
!!$        EntParamLL = 1.0d100
!!$      end if
!!$      if ( l <= kmax-1 ) then
!!$        call RASEntParam1D(                 &
!!$          & l+1,                                             & ! (in)
!!$          & z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp,           & ! (in)
!!$          & z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, & ! (in)
!!$          & IndexMixLayTop,                               & ! (in)
!!$          & EntParamUL                                    & ! (out)
!!$          & )
!!$      else
!!$        EntParamUL = 1.0d100
!!$      end if
      !   for output
      z_EntParam(l) = EntParam


      ! Difference of normalized mass flux
      !
      !   difference of normalized mass flux between layer bottom and top
      !
      z_DelNormMassFlux(1) = 1.0d100
      do k = 2, l-1
        z_DelNormMassFlux(k) = - EntParam * z_Beta(k) * z_PotTemp(k)
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        z_DelNormMassFlux(k) = 1.0d100
      end do
      !
      !   difference of normalized mass flux between layer bottom and mid-point
      !
      DelNormMassFluxCldTop = - EntParam * z_BetaCldTop(l) * z_PotTemp(l)


      ! Normalized mass flux
      !
      !   normalized mass flux at layer interface
      !
      r_NormMassFlux(0) = 0.0_DP
      do k = 1, l-1
        if ( k < IndexMixLayTop ) then
          r_NormMassFlux(k) = 0.0_DP
        else if ( k == IndexMixLayTop ) then
          r_NormMassFlux(k) = 1.0_DP
        else
          r_NormMassFlux(k) = r_NormMassFlux(k-1) - z_DelNormMassFlux(k)
        end if
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        r_NormMassFlux(k) = 0.0_DP
      end do
      !
      !   normalized mass flux at cloud top (at layer mid-point)
      !
      NormMassFluxCldTop = r_NormMassFlux(l-1) - DelNormMassFluxCldTop


      ! Liquid water content at top of clouds
      !   If l is less than xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j), i.e. the cloud top is below top of 
      !   mixed layer, xy_SumTmp is zero, then, xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop is also zero.
      !
      if ( l > IndexMixLayTop ) then
        do k = 0, IndexMixLayTop-1
          r_CldQH2OTot(k) = 1.0d100
        end do
        k = IndexMixLayTop
        r_CldQH2OTot(k) = z_QH2OVap(IndexMixLayTop)
        do k = IndexMixLayTop+1, l-1
          r_CldQH2OTot(k) = r_CldQH2OTot(k-1) - z_DelNormMassFlux(k) * ( z_QH2OVap(k) + z_QH2OLiq(k) + z_QH2OSol(k) )
        end do
        CldQH2OTotCldTop = r_CldQH2OTot(l-1) - DelNormMassFluxCldTop * ( z_QH2OVap(l) + z_QH2OLiq(l) + z_QH2OSol(l) )
        do k = l, kmax
          r_CldQH2OTot(k) = 1.0d100
        end do
      else
        r_CldQH2OTot     = 0.0_DP
        CldQH2OTotCldTop = 0.0_DP
      end if

      CldQH2OCondCldTop = CldQH2OTotCldTop / ( NormMassFluxCldTop + 1.0d-100 ) - z_QH2OVapSat(l)

      ! Check whether kernel is positive or negative.
      !
      if ( CldQH2OCondCldTop < 0.0_DP ) then
        FlagNegH2OCondCldTop = .true.
      else
        FlagNegH2OCondCldTop = .false.
      end if

      !   avoid negative value
      CldQH2OCondCldTop = max( CldQH2OCondCldTop, 0.0_DP )


!!$        call CloudUtilsWatFraction(   &
!!$          & z_Temp(l),                & ! (in )
!!$          & WatFrac                   & ! (out)
!!$          & )
      WatFrac = 1.0_DP

      CldQH2OLiqCldTop = CldQH2OCondCldTop * WatFrac
      CldQH2OSolCldTop = CldQH2OCondCldTop - CldQH2OLiqCldTop

      if ( abs( ( CldQH2OSolCldTop - CldQH2OSolCldTopB ) / ( CldQH2OSolCldTop + 1.0d-100 ) ) < 1.0d-10 ) exit loop_entparam
    end do loop_entparam
    if ( m >= 100 ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Number of loop for entrainment parameter is too large, %d.', i = (/m/) )
    end if



    ! Moist static energy in clouds
    !
    r_CldCondStaticEne(0) = 1.0d100
    do k = 1, l-1
      if ( k < IndexMixLayTop ) then
        r_CldCondStaticEne(k) = 1.0d100
      else if ( k == IndexMixLayTop ) then
        r_CldCondStaticEne(k) = z_EnvMoistStaticEne(IndexMixLayTop)
      else
!!$          r_CldMoistStaticEne(k) =                                           &
!!$            &   ( r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * r_CldMoistStaticEne(k-1)       &
!!$            &      - z_DelNormMassFlux(k) * z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k)  )  &
!!$            & / r_NormMassFlux(k)
        r_CldCondStaticEne(k) = ( r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * r_CldCondStaticEne(k-1) - z_DelNormMassFlux(k) * z_EnvCondStaticEne(k)  ) / r_NormMassFlux(k)
      end if
    end do
    do k = l, kmax
      r_CldCondStaticEne(k) = 1.0d100
    end do


    r_CldMoistStaticEne = r_CldCondStaticEne


    if ( EntParam >= 0.0_DP ) then

      ! Calculation of cloud air temperature
      ! This value will not be used below. 
      ! This is an attempt for next extention.
      !
      do k = 0, IndexMixLayTop-1
        r_CldTemp   (k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldQH2OVap(k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldQH2OLiq(k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldQH2OSol(k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldHeight (k) = 1.0d100
      end do
      k = IndexMixLayTop
      r_CldTemp   (k) = z_Temp(k)
      r_CldQH2OVap(k) = z_QH2OVap(k)
      r_CldQH2OLiq(k) = 0.0_DP
      r_CldQH2OSol(k) = 0.0_DP
      r_CldHeight (k) = r_Height(k)
      do k = IndexMixLayTop+1, l-1
        ! Iteration
        !   Initialization
        if ( k == IndexMixLayTop+1 ) then
          r_CldTemp(k) = z_Temp(k)
        else
          r_CldTemp(k) = r_CldTemp(k-1)
        end if
        !
        loop_cloud_properties : do m = 1, 100
          CldTempB = r_CldTemp(k)
          r_CldQH2OVap(k:k)    = a_CalcQVapSat( r_CldTemp(k:k), r_Press(k:k) )
          a_DQVapSatDTemp(1:1) = a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp( r_CldTemp(k:k), r_CldQH2OVap(k:k) )

          r_CldHeight(k) = r_CldHeight(k-1) + z_Beta(k) * ( r_CldTemp(k-1) + r_CldTemp(k) ) / 2.0_DP / r_Exner(k)

          DelTemp = (   r_CldMoistStaticEne(k) - CpDry * r_CldTemp(k) - Grav * r_CldHeight(k) - LatentHeat * r_CldQH2OVap(k) ) / ( CpDry + LatentHeat * a_DQVapSatDTemp(1) )

          r_CldTemp   (k) = r_CldTemp   (k) + DelTemp
          r_CldQH2OVap(k) = r_CldQH2OVap(k) + a_DQVapSatDTemp(1) * DelTemp

!!$            write( 6, * ) EntParam, l, k, m, r_CldMoistStaticEne(k), Grav * r_CldHeight(k), r_CldTemp(k), r_CldQH2OVap(k)

!!$            if ( abs( CldTempB - r_CldTemp(k) ) / CldTempB < 1.0d-3 ) &
          if ( abs( DelTemp ) < 1.0d-3 ) exit loop_cloud_properties
        end do loop_cloud_properties
        if ( m >= 100 ) then
          call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Number of loop for cloud properties is too large, %d.', i = (/m/) )
        end if

        ! cloud water and cloud ice
        call CloudUtilsWatFraction( r_CldTemp(k), WatFrac )
        WatFrac = 1.0_DP
        !
        r_CldQH2OLiq(k) = ( r_CldQH2OTot(k) - r_CldQH2OVap(k) ) * WatFrac
        r_CldQH2OSol(k) = r_CldQH2OTot(k) - r_CldQH2OVap(k) - r_CldQH2OLiq(k)

      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        r_CldTemp   (k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldQH2OVap(k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldQH2OLiq(k) = 1.0d100
        r_CldQH2OSol(k) = 1.0d100
      end do

    else
      r_CldTemp    = 1.0d100
      r_CldQH2OVap = 1.0d100
      r_CldQH2OLiq = 1.0d100
      r_CldQH2OSol = 1.0d100
    end if

    if ( present( rz_CldTemp    ) ) rz_CldTemp   (:,l) = r_CldTemp
    if ( present( rz_CldQH2OVap ) ) rz_CldQH2OVap(:,l) = r_CldQH2OVap
    if ( present( rz_CldQH2OLiq ) ) rz_CldQH2OLiq(:,l) = r_CldQH2OLiq
    if ( present( rz_CldQH2OSol ) ) rz_CldQH2OSol(:,l) = r_CldQH2OSol


    !###############################################
    ! Check whether a parcel in cloud has moist static energy larger than environment's
    !
!!$      xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp = .false.
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          do k = xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j), l-1
!!$            if ( xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,k) < xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) ) then
!!$              xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(i,j) = .true.
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
    !###############################################

    ! Cloud work function
    !
    !   Auxiliary variables
    !
    z_Gamma = LatentHeat / CpDry * a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp( z_Temp, z_QH2OVapSat )
    !
    k = 1
    z_Mu (k) = 1.0d100
    z_Eps(k) = 1.0d100
    do k = 2, kmax
      z_Mu (k) = ( z_Exner(k  ) - r_Exner(k) ) / ( z_Exner(k) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(k) ) )
      z_Eps(k) = ( r_Exner(k-1) - z_Exner(k) ) / ( z_Exner(k) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(k) ) )
    end do
    !
    !   Cloud work function
    !
    CWF = 0.0_DP
    do k = 2, l-1
      if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
        CWF = CWF + z_Mu (k) * r_NormMassFlux(k  ) * ( r_CldMoistStaticEne(k  ) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) ) + z_Eps(k) * r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_CldMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) )
      end if
    end do
    k = l
    if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
      CWF = CWF + z_Eps(k) * r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_CldMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) )
    end if

    !   for save
    z_CWF(l) = CWF

    ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    !
    do k = 1, l
      z_GammaDSE(k) = - Grav / z_DelPress(k) * (   r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_EnvDryStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvDryStaticEne(k) ) + r_NormMassFlux(k  ) * ( z_EnvDryStaticEne(k  ) - r_EnvDryStaticEne(k) ) )
    end do
    k = l
    z_GammaDSE(k) = z_GammaDSE(k) - Grav / z_DelPress(k) * LatentHeat * CldQH2OLiqCldTop * NormMassFluxCldTop * ( 1.0_DP - z_RainFactor(k) )
    do k = l+1, kmax
      z_GammaDSE(k) = 0.0_DP
    end do


    ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux
    !
    do k = 1, l
      z_GammaMSE(k) = - Grav / z_DelPress(k) * (   r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) ) + r_NormMassFlux(k  ) * ( z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k  ) - r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) ) )
    end do
    k = l
    z_GammaMSE(k) = z_GammaMSE(k) + Grav / z_DelPress(k) * NormMassFluxCldTop * ( z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) - z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) )
    do k = l+1, kmax
      z_GammaMSE(k) = 0.0_DP
    end do



    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RAS1DTestingCore01
Subroutine :
l :integer , intent(in )
z_DelPress(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: $ Delta p $
z_GammaDSE(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
z_GammaMSE(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux
CldMassFluxBottom :real(DP), intent(in )
: Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom
z_RainFactor(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
NormMassFluxCldTop :real(DP), intent(in )
CldQH2OLiqCldTop :real(DP), intent(in )
z_Temp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: Temperature
z_QH2OVap(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
!$ real(DP), intent(inout) :xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!$ ! 降水量. !$ ! Precipitation

z_DTempDtCumulus(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
: 温度変化率. Temperature tendency
z_DQVapDtCumulus(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
: 比湿変化率. Specific humidity tendency
RainCumulus :real(DP), intent(inout)

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RAS1DTestingCore02( l, z_DelPress, z_GammaDSE, z_GammaMSE, CldMassFluxBottom, z_RainFactor, NormMassFluxCldTop, CldQH2OLiqCldTop, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_DTempDtCumulus, z_DQVapDtCumulus, RainCumulus )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat, LatentHeatFusion
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] .
                              ! 融解の潜熱.
                              ! Latent heat of fusion

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: a_CalcQVapSat, a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ASL1982CalcCWFCrtl1D

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsWatFraction


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !
    integer , intent(in   ) :: l
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_DelPress(1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_GammaDSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_GammaMSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: CldMassFluxBottom
                   ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_RainFactor          (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: NormMassFluxCldTop
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: CldQH2OLiqCldTop


    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_Temp    (1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_QH2OVap (1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_DTempDtCumulus (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_DQVapDtCumulus (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: RainCumulus




    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !

    real(DP) :: z_DelH2OMass  (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: H2OMassB
    real(DP) :: H2OMassA

    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: m
    integer :: n



    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )




    ! Tendencies of specific temperature and humidity
    !
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_DTempDtCumulus(k) = + CldMassFluxBottom * z_GammaDSE(k) / CpDry
      z_DQVapDtCumulus(k) = + CldMassFluxBottom * ( z_GammaMSE(k) - z_GammaDSE(k) ) / LatentHeat
    end do


    ! add tendencies to temperature and specific humidity
    !
    z_Temp    = z_Temp    + z_DTempDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
    z_QH2OVap = z_QH2OVap + z_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime


    ! Precipitation rate at cloud top level
    !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
    !
    RainCumulus = CldMassFluxBottom * z_RainFactor(l) * NormMassFluxCldTop * CldQH2OLiqCldTop



    ! mass fix
    !
    z_DelH2OMass = z_QH2OVap * z_DelPress / Grav
    !   total H2O mass in a vertical column
    H2OMassB = 0.0_DP
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      H2OMassB = H2OMassB + z_DelH2OMass(k)
    end do
    if ( H2OMassB < 0.0_DP ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Mass of water vapor in a column is negative (%d,%d), %f.', i = (/0,0/), d = (/H2OMassB/) )
    end if
    !   negative mass is borrowed from above
    do k = 1, kmax-1
      if ( z_DelH2OMass(k) < 0.0_DP ) then
        z_DelH2OMass(k+1) = z_DelH2OMass(k+1) + z_DelH2OMass(k)
        z_DelH2OMass(k  ) = 0.0_DP
      end if
    end do
    k = kmax
    if ( z_DelH2OMass(k) < 0.0_DP ) then
      z_DelH2OMass (k) = 0.0_DP
    end if


    !   total H2O mass in a vertical column, again
    H2OMassA = 0.0_DP
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      H2OMassA = H2OMassA + z_DelH2OMass(k)
    end do
    !   total mass in a vertical column is adjusted
    if ( H2OMassA > 0.0_DP ) then
      do k = 1, kmax
        z_DelH2OMass(k) = z_DelH2OMass(k) * H2OMassB / H2OMassA
      end do
    else
      do k = 1, kmax
        z_DelH2OMass(k) = 0.0_DP
      end do
    end if
    z_QH2OVap = z_DelH2OMass / ( z_DelPress / Grav )



    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RAS1DTestingCore02
Subroutine :
l :integer , intent(in )
z_Beta(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_BetaCldTop(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_PotTemp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_EnvMoistStaticEne(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
IndexMixLayTop :integer , intent(in )
EntParam :real(DP), intent(out)

エントレインメントパラメータの計算

Calculation of entrainment parameter

[Source]

  subroutine RASEntParam1D( l, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp, z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, IndexMixLayTop, EntParam )
    !
    ! エントレインメントパラメータの計算
    !
    ! Calculation of entrainment parameter
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    integer , intent(in ) :: l
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_Beta                (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_BetaCldTop          (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_PotTemp             (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEne   (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(1:kmax)
    integer , intent(in ) :: IndexMixLayTop
    real(DP), intent(out) :: EntParam

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    integer  :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                                ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !


    ! Entrainment parameter
    !
    EntParam = 0.0_DP
    do k = 2, l-1

      if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
        EntParam = EntParam + z_Beta(k) * z_PotTemp(k) * ( z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(l) - z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) )
      end if

    end do

    if ( l > IndexMixLayTop ) then
      EntParam = EntParam + z_BetaCldTop(l) * z_PotTemp(l) * ( z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(l) - z_EnvMoistStaticEne(l) )
      EntParam = ( z_EnvMoistStaticEne(IndexMixLayTop) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(l) ) / ( EntParam + 1.0d-100 )
    end if


  end subroutine RASEntParam1D
Subroutine :
l :integer , intent(in )
z_Beta(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_BetaCldTop(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_PotTemp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_EnvMoistStaticEne(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_EnvCondStaticEne(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
CldCondStaticEneCldTop :real(DP), intent(in )
IndexMixLayTop :integer , intent(in )
EntParam :real(DP), intent(out)

エントレインメントパラメータの計算

Calculation of entrainment parameter

[Source]

  subroutine RASEntParamWithIce1D( l, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp, z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvCondStaticEne, CldCondStaticEneCldTop, IndexMixLayTop, EntParam )
    !
    ! エントレインメントパラメータの計算
    !
    ! Calculation of entrainment parameter
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    integer , intent(in ) :: l
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_Beta                (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_BetaCldTop          (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_PotTemp             (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEne   (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_EnvCondStaticEne    (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: CldCondStaticEneCldTop
    integer , intent(in ) :: IndexMixLayTop
    real(DP), intent(out) :: EntParam

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    integer  :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                                ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !


    ! Entrainment parameter
    !
    EntParam = 0.0_DP
    do k = 2, l-1

      if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
        EntParam = EntParam + z_Beta(k) * z_PotTemp(k) * ( CldCondStaticEneCldTop - z_EnvCondStaticEne(k) )
      end if

    end do

    if ( l > IndexMixLayTop ) then
      EntParam = EntParam + z_BetaCldTop(l) * z_PotTemp(l) * ( CldCondStaticEneCldTop - z_EnvCondStaticEne(l) )
      EntParam = ( z_EnvMoistStaticEne(IndexMixLayTop) - CldCondStaticEneCldTop ) / ( EntParam + 1.0d-100 )
    end if


  end subroutine RASEntParamWithIce1D
RainConversionFactor
Variable :
RainConversionFactor :real(DP), save
: Factor for conversion of detrained water vapor (liquid water ) to rain
Subroutine :
SurfTemp :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
z_Press(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
r_Press(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Pressure
z_Exner(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
r_Exner(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
: Exner function
z_Temp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: Temperature
z_QH2OVap(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity
!$ real(DP), intent(inout) :xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

!$ ! 降水量. !$ ! Precipitation

z_DTempDt(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 温度変化率. Temperature tendency
z_DQVapDt(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
: 比湿変化率. Specific humidity tendency
z_DQH2OLiqDt(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out )
z_MoistConvDetTend(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional
z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out ), optional

relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化.

Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubert1D( SurfTemp, z_Press, r_Press, z_Exner, r_Exner, z_Temp, z_QH2OVap, z_DTempDt, z_DQVapDt, z_DQH2OLiqDt, z_MoistConvDetTend, z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux )
    !
    ! relaxed Arakawa-Schubert スキームにより, 温度と比湿を変化. 
    !
    ! Change temperature and specific humidity by relaxed Arakawa-Schubert scheme
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . 
                              ! 凝結の潜熱. 
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: a_CalcQVapSat, a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    ! Arakawa-Schubert scheme by Lord et al. (1982)
    !
    use arakawa_schubert_L1982, only : ASL1982CalcCWFCrtl1D


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: SurfTemp
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Press   (1:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: r_Press   (0:kmax)
                              ! Pressure
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: z_Exner   (1:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: r_Exner   (0:kmax)
                              ! Exner function
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_Temp    (1:kmax)
                              ! Temperature
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_QH2OVap (1:kmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
!!$    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$                              ! 降水量. 
!!$                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_DTempDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: z_DQVapDt (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP), intent(out  ) :: z_DQH2OLiqDt(1:kmax)

    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: z_MoistConvDetTend       (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out  ), optional :: z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(1:kmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: z_Height  (1:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: r_Height  (0:kmax)
                              !
                              ! Height
    real(DP) :: RainCumulus
                              ! 降水量. 
                              ! Precipitation
    real(DP) :: z_DTempDtCumulus (1:kmax)
                              ! 温度変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP) :: z_DQVapDtCumulus (1:kmax)
                              ! 比湿変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency

    real(DP) :: z_DelPress(1:kmax)
                              ! $ \Delta p $
                              !
    real(DP) :: z_PotTemp (1:kmax)
                              ! Potential temperature
                              !
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapSat(1:kmax)
                              ! 飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturation specific humidity. 

    ! Dry and moist static energy in environment (Env) and cloud (Cld)
    !
    real(DP) :: z_EnvDryStaticEne     (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvDryStaticEne     (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEne   (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_CldMoistStaticEne   (0:kmax)

    real(DP) :: Kernel
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by cumulus convection, kernel
    real(DP) :: CWF
                   ! Cloud work function
    real(DP) :: z_CWF(1:kmax)
                   ! Cloud work function
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: DCWFDtLS
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
    real(DP) :: z_DCWFDtLS(1:kmax)
                   ! Tendency of cloud work function by large scale motion
                   ! (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxBottom
                   ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom

    real(DP) :: z_Beta                (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_BetaCldTop          (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_Gamma               (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: z_GammaDSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
    real(DP) :: z_GammaMSE            (1:kmax)
                          ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux

    real(DP) :: z_Mu                  (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: z_Eps                 (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: PressCldBase
                                  ! Pressure of cloud base
    real(DP) :: z_CWFCrtl             (1:kmax)
                                  ! "Critical value" of cloud work function
    real(DP) :: z_RainFactor          (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: EntParam
                                  ! Entrainment factor
    real(DP) :: z_EntParam            (1:kmax)
                                  ! Entrainment factor (variable for output)
    real(DP) :: EntParamLL
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! higher level
    real(DP) :: EntParamUL
                                  ! Entrainment factor for a cloud with top at one layer
                                  ! lower level

    ! Difference of normalized mass flux between layer interface
    real(DP) :: z_DelNormMassFlux     (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxCldTop
    ! Normalized mass flux at layer interface and cloud top
    real(DP) :: r_NormMassFlux        (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: NormMassFluxCldTop

    ! Liquid water at cloud top
    real(DP) :: CldQH2OLiqCldTop

    ! Mass flux distribution function
    real(DP) :: z_MassFluxDistFunc    (1:kmax)


    real(DP) :: z_DelH2OMass  (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: H2OMassB
    real(DP) :: H2OMassA

    real(DP) :: z_RainCumulus (1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: NegDDelLWDt
    real(DP) :: z_DDelLWDtCCPLV(1:kmax)

    logical  :: FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp
                              ! 
                              ! Flag showing whether a parcel in cloud has moist static 
                              ! energy larger than environment's

    real(DP) :: r_QH2OVapSat       (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: r_TempAdiabAscent  (0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: SurfPotTemp

!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_TempAdiabAscent  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    ! Variables for looking for top of mixed layer
    !
    logical  :: FlagMixLayTopFound
    integer  :: IndexMixLayTop


    ! Variables for modification of cloud mass flux
    !
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapTentative   (1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactor
    real(DP) :: CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative

    real(DP) :: z_TempB   (1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の温度.
                              ! Temperature before adjustment
    real(DP) :: z_QH2OVapB(1:kmax)
                              ! 調節前の比湿.
                              ! Specific humidity before adjustment

    ! Flags for modification of
    !
    logical  :: FlagKernelNegative
    logical  :: FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop


    ! Variables for subsidence mass flux between updrafts
    !
    real(DP) :: DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
    real(DP) :: NormMassFlux


    ! Variables for debug
    !
!!$    real(DP) :: xyz_DelVal(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: xy_SumValA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
!!$    real(DP) :: Ratio


    real(DP) :: r_CldTotWater(0:kmax)
    real(DP) :: CldTotWaterCldTop

    real(DP) :: SumTmp


    integer :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction
    integer :: l
    integer :: m
    integer :: n



    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! 調節前 "Temp", "QH2OVap" の保存
    ! Store "Temp", "QH2OVap" before adjustment
    !
    z_TempB    = z_Temp
    z_QH2OVapB = z_QH2OVap


    ! Preparation of variables
    !
    !
    !   Auxiliary variables
    !     Pressure difference between upper and lower interface of the layer
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_DelPress(k) = r_Press(k-1) - r_Press(k)
    end do
    !     beta
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_Beta(k)       = CpDry / Grav * ( r_Exner(k-1) - r_Exner(k) )
    end do
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_BetaCldTop(k) = CpDry / Grav * ( r_Exner(k-1) - z_Exner(k) )
    end do
    !
    ! Search for top of mixed layer (lifting condensation level) based on 
    !   a description in p.684 of Arakawa and Shubert (1974). 
    !
    call RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight1D( z_Temp, z_Exner, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_Height, r_Height )
    !
    !====================================
    !
!!$    xyz_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,1) = xyz_Temp(:,:,1)
!!$    do k = 2, kmax
!!$      xyz_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = &
!!$        & xyz_Temp(:,:,1) - Grav / CpDry * ( xyz_Height(:,:,k) - xyz_Height(:,:,1) )
!!$    end do
!!$    xyz_TempAdiabAscent = max( xyz_TempAdiabAscent, 1.0_DP )
!!$    xyz_QH2OVapSat = xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyz_TempAdiabAscent, xyz_Press )
!!$    xy_IndexMixLayTop     = 1
!!$    xy_FlagMixLayTopFound = .false.
!!$    do k = 2, kmax
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,1) >= xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) .and. &
!!$            &  ( .not. xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) )                 ) then
!!$            xy_IndexMixLayTop    (i,j) = k - 1
!!$            xy_FlagMixLayTopFound(i,j) = .true.
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$    end do
    !
    !------------------------------------
    !
!!$    xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,0) = xy_SurfTemp
!!$    do k = 1, kmax
!!$      xyr_TempAdiabAscent(:,:,k) = &
!!$        & xy_SurfTemp - Grav / CpDry * ( xyr_Height(:,:,k) - 0.0_DP )
!!$    end do
!!$    xyr_TempAdiabAscent = max( xyr_TempAdiabAscent, 1.0_DP )
!!$
    r_TempAdiabAscent(0) = SurfTemp
    SurfPotTemp = SurfTemp / r_Exner(0)
    do k = 1, kmax
      r_TempAdiabAscent(k) = SurfPotTemp * r_Exner(k)
    end do
    !
    r_QH2OVapSat(0       ) = 1.0d100
    r_QH2OVapSat(1:kmax-1) = a_CalcQVapSat( r_TempAdiabAscent(1:kmax-1), r_Press(1:kmax-1) )
    r_QH2OVapSat(kmax    ) = r_QH2OVapSat(kmax-1)
    !
    IndexMixLayTop     = 1
    FlagMixLayTopFound = .false.
    do k = 2, kmax
      if ( ( z_QH2OVap(1) >= r_QH2OVapSat(k) ) .and. ( .not. FlagMixLayTopFound )                 ) then
        IndexMixLayTop     = k - 1
        FlagMixLayTopFound = .true.
      end if
    end do
    !
    !====================================
    !
    if ( .not. FlagMixLayTopFound ) then
      IndexMixLayTop = kmax - 1
    end if
    !
    !   Critical cloud work function
    !
    if ( FlagZeroCrtlCWF ) then
      z_CWFCrtl = 0.0_DP
    else
      PressCldBase = r_Press(IndexMixLayTop)
      call ASL1982CalcCWFCrtl1D( PressCldBase, z_Press, z_CWFCrtl )
    end if
    !
    !   Rain conversion factor
    !
    if ( RainConversionFactor < 0.0_DP ) then
      do k = 1, kmax
        if ( z_Press(k) < 500.0d2 ) then
          z_RainFactor(k) = 1.0_DP
        else if ( z_Press(k) < 800.0d2 ) then
          z_RainFactor(k) = 0.8_DP + ( 800.0d2 - z_Press(k) ) / 1500.0d2
        else
          z_RainFactor(k) = 0.8_DP
        end if
      end do
    else
      z_RainFactor = RainConversionFactor
    end if


    z_RainCumulus     (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_EntParam        (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_CWF             (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_DCWFDtLS        (1) = 0.0_DP
    z_MassFluxDistFunc(1) = 0.0_DP


    if ( present( z_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
      z_MoistConvDetTend(1) = 0.0_DP
    end if
    if ( present( z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
      ! Subsidence mass flux between the updrafts
      ! Initialization
      !
      z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux = 0.0_DP
    end if



    loop_cloud_top : do l = 2, kmax


      call RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight1D( z_Temp, z_Exner, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_Height, r_Height )

      !   Potential temperature
      !
      z_PotTemp = z_Temp / z_Exner

      !   Saturation mixing ratio
      !
      z_QH2OVapSat = a_CalcQVapSat( z_Temp, z_Press )

      !   Calculation of dry and moist static energies
      !
      z_EnvDryStaticEne      = CpDry * z_Temp + Grav * z_Height
      z_EnvMoistStaticEne    = z_EnvDryStaticEne + LatentHeat * z_QH2OVap
      !
      k = 0
      r_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) = 1.0d100
      r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) = 1.0d100
      do k = 1, kmax-1
        r_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) = ( z_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) + z_EnvDryStaticEne  (k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
        r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) = ( z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) + z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
      end do
      k = kmax
      r_EnvDryStaticEne  (k) = z_EnvDryStaticEne  (k)
      r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) = z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k)

      !   Calculation of saturated moist static energy
      !
      z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat = z_EnvDryStaticEne + LatentHeat * z_QH2OVapSat
      !
      k = 0
      r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) = 1.0d100
      do k = 1, kmax-1
        r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) = ( z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) + z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k+1) ) / 2.0_DP
      end do
      k = kmax
      r_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) = z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k)



      ! Entrainment parameter
      !
      call RASEntParam1D( l, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp, z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, IndexMixLayTop, EntParam )
      if ( l >= 3 ) then
        call RASEntParam1D( l-1, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp, z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, IndexMixLayTop, EntParamLL )
      else
        EntParamLL = 1.0d100
      end if
      if ( l <= kmax-1 ) then
        call RASEntParam1D( l+1, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_PotTemp, z_EnvMoistStaticEne, z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, IndexMixLayTop, EntParamUL )
      else
        EntParamUL = 1.0d100
      end if
      !   for output
      z_EntParam(l) = EntParam


      ! Difference of normalized mass flux
      !
      !   difference of normalized mass flux between layer bottom and top
      !
      z_DelNormMassFlux(1) = 1.0d100
      do k = 2, l-1
        z_DelNormMassFlux(k) = - EntParam * z_Beta(k) * z_PotTemp(k)
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        z_DelNormMassFlux(k) = 1.0d100
      end do
      !
      !   difference of normalized mass flux between layer bottom and mid-point
      !
      DelNormMassFluxCldTop = - EntParam * z_BetaCldTop(l) * z_PotTemp(l)


      ! Normalized mass flux
      !
      !   normalized mass flux at layer interface
      !
      r_NormMassFlux(0) = 0.0_DP
      do k = 1, l-1
        if ( k < IndexMixLayTop ) then
          r_NormMassFlux(k) = 0.0_DP
        else if ( k == IndexMixLayTop ) then
          r_NormMassFlux(k) = 1.0_DP
        else
          r_NormMassFlux(k) = r_NormMassFlux(k-1) - z_DelNormMassFlux(k)
        end if
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        r_NormMassFlux(k) = 0.0_DP
      end do
      !
      !   normalized mass flux at cloud top (at layer mid-point)
      !
      NormMassFluxCldTop = r_NormMassFlux(l-1) - DelNormMassFluxCldTop


      ! Liquid water content at top of clouds
      !   If l is less than xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j), i.e. the cloud top is below top of 
      !   mixed layer, xy_SumTmp is zero, then, xy_CldQH2OLiqCldTop is also zero.
      !
      if ( l > IndexMixLayTop ) then
!!$        SumTmp = z_QH2OVap(IndexMixLayTop)
!!$        do k = IndexMixLayTop+1, l-1
!!$          SumTmp = SumTmp &
!!$            & - z_DelNormMassFlux(k) * z_QH2OVap(k)
!!$        end do
!!$        SumTmp = SumTmp &
!!$          & - DelNormMassFluxCldTop * z_QH2OVap(l)

        do k = 0, IndexMixLayTop-1
          r_CldTotWater(k) = 0.0_DP
        end do
        k = IndexMixLayTop
        r_CldTotWater(k) = z_QH2OVap(IndexMixLayTop)
        do k = IndexMixLayTop+1, l-1
          r_CldTotWater(k) = r_CldTotWater(k-1) - z_DelNormMassFlux(k) * z_QH2OVap(k)
        end do
        CldTotWaterCldTop = r_CldTotWater(l-1) - DelNormMassFluxCldTop * z_QH2OVap(l)
        do k = l, kmax
          r_CldTotWater(k) = 0.0_DP
        end do
      else
        r_CldTotWater     = 0.0_DP
        CldTotWaterCldTop = 0.0_DP
      end if

      CldQH2OLiqCldTop = CldTotWaterCldTop / ( NormMassFluxCldTop + 1.0d-100 ) - z_QH2OVapSat(l)

      ! Check whether kernel is positive or negative.
      !
      if ( CldQH2OLiqCldTop < 0.0_DP ) then
        FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop = .true.
      else
        FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop = .false.
      end if

      !   avoid negative value
      CldQH2OLiqCldTop = max( CldQH2OLiqCldTop, 0.0_DP )


      ! Moist static energy in clouds
      !
      r_CldMoistStaticEne(0) = 1.0d100
      do k = 1, l-1
        if ( k < IndexMixLayTop ) then
          r_CldMoistStaticEne(k) = 1.0d100
        else if ( k == IndexMixLayTop ) then
          r_CldMoistStaticEne(k) = z_EnvMoistStaticEne(IndexMixLayTop)
        else
          r_CldMoistStaticEne(k) = ( r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * r_CldMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_DelNormMassFlux(k) * z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k)  ) / r_NormMassFlux(k)
        end if
      end do
      do k = l, kmax
        r_CldMoistStaticEne(k) = 1.0d100
      end do


      !###############################################
      ! Check whether a parcel in cloud has moist static energy larger than environment's
      !
!!$      xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp = .false.
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          do k = xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j), l-1
!!$            if ( xyr_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,k) < xyr_CldMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) ) then
!!$              xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(i,j) = .true.
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
      !###############################################

      ! Cloud work function
      !
      !   Auxiliary variables
      !
      z_Gamma = LatentHeat / CpDry * a_CalcDQVapSatDTemp( z_Temp, z_QH2OVapSat )
      !
      k = 1
      z_Mu (k) = 1.0d100
      z_Eps(k) = 1.0d100
      do k = 2, kmax
        z_Mu (k) = ( z_Exner(k  ) - r_Exner(k) ) / ( z_Exner(k) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(k) ) )
        z_Eps(k) = ( r_Exner(k-1) - z_Exner(k) ) / ( z_Exner(k) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(k) ) )
      end do
      !
      !   Cloud work function
      !
      CWF = 0.0_DP
      do k = 2, l-1
        if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
          CWF = CWF + z_Mu (k) * r_NormMassFlux(k  ) * ( r_CldMoistStaticEne(k  ) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) ) + z_Eps(k) * r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_CldMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) )
        end if
      end do
      k = l
      if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
        CWF = CWF + z_Eps(k) * r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_CldMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) )
      end if

      !   for save
      z_CWF(l) = CWF

      ! Time derivative of cloud work function by large scale motion
      !
      DCWFDtLS = ( CWF - z_CWFCrtl(l) ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
      !   for save
      z_DCWFDtLS(l) = DCWFDtLS

      ! Tendency of dry static energy per unit mass flux
      !
      do k = 1, l
        z_GammaDSE(k) = - Grav / z_DelPress(k) * (   r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_EnvDryStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvDryStaticEne(k) ) + r_NormMassFlux(k  ) * ( z_EnvDryStaticEne(k  ) - r_EnvDryStaticEne(k) ) )
      end do
      k = l
      z_GammaDSE(k) = z_GammaDSE(k) - Grav / z_DelPress(k) * LatentHeat * CldQH2OLiqCldTop * NormMassFluxCldTop * ( 1.0_DP - z_RainFactor(k) )
      do k = l+1, kmax
        z_GammaDSE(k) = 0.0_DP
      end do


      ! Tendency of moist static energy per unit mass flux
      !
      do k = 1, l
        z_GammaMSE(k) = - Grav / z_DelPress(k) * (   r_NormMassFlux(k-1) * ( r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k-1) - z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) ) + r_NormMassFlux(k  ) * ( z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k  ) - r_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) ) )
      end do
      k = l
      z_GammaMSE(k) = z_GammaMSE(k) + Grav / z_DelPress(k) * NormMassFluxCldTop * ( z_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(k) - z_EnvMoistStaticEne(k) )
      do k = l+1, kmax
        z_GammaMSE(k) = 0.0_DP
      end do


      ! Kernel, time derivative of cloud work function by cumulus convection per unit 
      ! mass flux
      !
      Kernel = z_Eps(IndexMixLayTop+1) * z_GammaMSE(IndexMixLayTop) - z_Eps(l) * r_NormMassFlux(l-1) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(l) ) * z_GammaDSE(l)
      do n = IndexMixLayTop+1, l-1
        SumTmp = 0.0_DP
        do m = IndexMixLayTop+1, n
          SumTmp = SumTmp + z_DelNormMassFlux(m) * z_GammaMSE(m)
        end do
        Kernel = Kernel + ( z_Eps(n+1) + z_Mu(n) ) * ( z_GammaMSE(IndexMixLayTop) - SumTmp ) - (   z_Eps(n) * r_NormMassFlux(n-1) + z_Mu (n) * r_NormMassFlux(n  ) ) * ( 1.0_DP + z_Gamma(n) ) * z_GammaDSE(n)
      end do

      ! Check whether kernel is positive or negative.
      !
      if ( Kernel < 0.0_DP ) then
        FlagKernelNegative = .true.
      else
        FlagKernelNegative = .false.
      end if


      ! Load et al. (1982), p.108
      Kernel = min( Kernel, -5.0d-3 )


      ! Cloud mass flux at cloud bottom
      !
      CldMassFluxBottom = - DCWFDtLS / Kernel
      !
      !   mass flux has to be zero or positive
      CldMassFluxBottom = max( CldMassFluxBottom, 0.0_DP )
      !   mass flux is zero if entrainment parameter is zero or negative
      if ( EntParam <= 0.0_DP ) then
        CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
      end if
!!$      !   mass flux is zero if it is below lifting condensation level
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( .not. xy_FlagCrossSatEquivPotTemp(i,j) ) then
!!$            xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
      !   mass flux is zero if the LNB is unstable for updrafts
      !   (i.e., if the parcel is positively buoyant just above the LNB).
      !   See Lord et al. (1982), p.112, for more details.
      !   Strictly speaking, the process below is different from that 
      !   proposed by Lord et al. (1982). Lord et al. (1982) compare 
      !   entrainment parameters at 3 levels. But, entrainment 
      !   parameters at 2 levels are compared below, because comparison 
      !   of values between 2 levels seems to be sufficient.
!!$      if ( ( 3 <= l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) < xy_EntParam  (i,j) ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) ) then
!!$              if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$                &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$                &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$                xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$              end if
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end if

!!$          if ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) == l ) then
!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$              if ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) then
!!$                xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = 0.0_DP
!!$              end if
!!$            end if
!!$          else if ( ( xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) < l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
!!$            if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) > 0.0_DP ) .and. &
!!$              &  ( xy_EntParamUL(i,j) > 0.0_DP ) ) then
!!$              if ( ( xy_EntParamLL(i,j) < xy_EntParam  (i,j) ) .and. &
!!$                &  ( xy_EntParam  (i,j) < xy_EntParamUL(i,j) ) ) then
      if ( ( IndexMixLayTop <= l ) .and. ( l <= kmax-1 ) ) then
        if ( ( EntParam   > 0.0_DP ) .and. ( EntParamUL > 0.0_DP ) ) then
          if ( EntParam   < EntParamUL ) then
            CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end if
      end if
      !
      !   mass flux is zero unless kernel is negative
      !
      if ( .not. FlagKernelNegative ) then
        CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
      end if
      !
      !   mass flux is zero if liquid water at a cloud top is negative
      !
      if ( FlagNegH2OLiqCldTop ) then
        CldMassFluxBottom = 0.0_DP
      end if
      !
      !   multiply factor
      !
      CldMassFluxBottom = CldMassFluxBottom * min( 2.0_DP * DelTime / AdjTimeConst, 1.0_DP )
      !
      !   for output
      z_MassFluxDistFunc(l) = CldMassFluxBottom



      ! Check values of cloud mass flux
      !   If water vapor amount transported by convection is larger than that in a 
      !   column, cloud mass flux is reduced.
      !
      !   tendency of specific humidity is calculated tentatively
      do k = 1, kmax
        z_DQVapDtCumulus(k) = + CldMassFluxBottom * ( z_GammaMSE(k) - z_GammaDSE(k) ) / LatentHeat
      end do
      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column after RAS
      z_QH2OVapTentative = z_QH2OVap + z_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      CldMassFluxCorFactor = 1.0_DP
      do k = 1, kmax
        if ( z_QH2OVapTentative(k) < 0.0_DP ) then
          CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative = z_QH2OVap(k) / ( z_QH2OVap(k) - z_QH2OVapTentative(k) )
        else
          CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative = 1.0_DP
        end if
        if ( CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative < CldMassFluxCorFactor ) then
          CldMassFluxCorFactor = CldMassFluxCorFactorTentative
        end if
      end do
      !   modify cloud mass flux
      CldMassFluxBottom = CldMassFluxCorFactor * CldMassFluxBottom



!!$      do k = 1, kmax
!!$        xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(:,:,k) =                                                  &
!!$          & + xy_CloudMassFluxBottom * ( xyz_GammaMSE(:,:,k) - xyz_GammaDSE(:,:,k) ) &
!!$          &     / LatentHeat
!!$      end do
!!$      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column before RAS
!!$      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$      xy_H2OMassB = 0.0_DP
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        xy_H2OMassB = xy_H2OMassB + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
!!$      end do
!!$      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column after RAS
!!$      xyz_QH2OVapTentative = xyz_QH2OVap + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$      xyz_DelH2OMass = xyz_QH2OVapTentative * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$      xy_H2OMassA = 0.0_DP
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        xy_H2OMassA = xy_H2OMassA + xyz_DelH2OMass(:,:,k)
!!$      end do
!!$      !   modify cloud mass flux
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( xy_H2OMassA(i,j) < 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            ! A safety factor ( 1.0_DP + 1.0d-5 ) is arbitrary.
!!$            xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j) = xy_CloudMassFluxBottom(i,j)                 &
!!$              & * xy_H2OMassB(i,j)                                                    &
!!$              &     / ( ( xy_H2OMassB(i,j) - xy_H2OMassA(i,j) ) * ( 1.0_DP + 1.0d-5 ) )
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do



      ! Tendencies of specific temperature and humidity
      !
      do k = 1, kmax
        z_DTempDtCumulus(k) = + CldMassFluxBottom * z_GammaDSE(k) / CpDry
        z_DQVapDtCumulus(k) = + CldMassFluxBottom * ( z_GammaMSE(k) - z_GammaDSE(k) ) / LatentHeat
      end do
!!$      !
!!$      !   modification of tendency of temperature and water vapor in the mixed layer
!!$      !
!!$      if ( FlagUniformMixedLayer ) then
!!$        xy_SumTmp = 0.0_DP
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$                  & + xyz_DTempDtCumulus(i,j,k) &
!!$                  &     * ( xyr_Press(i,j,k-1) - xyr_Press(i,j,k) )
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$              & / ( xyr_Press(i,j,0) - xyr_Press(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) )
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xyz_DTempDtCumulus(i,j,k) = xy_SumTmp(i,j)
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        !
!!$        xy_SumTmp = 0.0_DP
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$                  & + xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(i,j,k) &
!!$                  &     * ( xyr_Press(i,j,k-1) - xyr_Press(i,j,k) )
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xy_SumTmp(i,j) = xy_SumTmp(i,j) &
!!$              & / ( xyr_Press(i,j,0) - xyr_Press(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) )
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$        do k = 1, kmax
!!$          do j = 1, jmax
!!$            do i = 0, imax-1
!!$              if ( k <= xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
!!$                xyz_DQVapDtCumulus(i,j,k) = xy_SumTmp(i,j)
!!$              end if
!!$            end do
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end if



      ! add tendencies to temperature and specific humidity
      !
      z_Temp    = z_Temp    + z_DTempDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      z_QH2OVap = z_QH2OVap + z_DQVapDtCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime


      ! Precipitation rate at cloud top level
      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
      !
      z_RainCumulus(l) = CldMassFluxBottom * z_RainFactor(l) * NormMassFluxCldTop * CldQH2OLiqCldTop



      ! mass fix
      !
      z_DelH2OMass = z_QH2OVap * z_DelPress / Grav
      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column
      H2OMassB = 0.0_DP
      do k = kmax, 1, -1
        H2OMassB = H2OMassB + z_DelH2OMass(k)
      end do
      if ( H2OMassB < 0.0_DP ) then
        call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'Mass of water vapor in a column is negative (%d,%d), %f.', i = (/0,0/), d = (/H2OMassB/) )
      end if
      !   negative mass is borrowed from above
      do k = 1, kmax-1
        if ( z_DelH2OMass(k) < 0.0_DP ) then
          z_DelH2OMass(k+1) = z_DelH2OMass(k+1) + z_DelH2OMass(k)
          z_DelH2OMass(k  ) = 0.0_DP
        end if
      end do
      k = kmax
      if ( z_DelH2OMass(k) < 0.0_DP ) then

!!$            call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name,                                   &
!!$              & 'Mass of water vapor in the top layer is negative (%d,%d,%d), %f.', &
!!$              & i = (/i,j,k/), d = (/xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k)/) )
!!$
!!$            xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l) = xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l) &
!!$              & - xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
!!$            xyz_Temp       (i,j,k) = xyz_Temp(i,j,k)                                 &
!!$              & - LatentHeat * xyz_DelH2OMass(i,j,k) / ( xyz_DelPress(i,j,k) / Grav )&
!!$              &    / CpDry

        z_DelH2OMass (k) = 0.0_DP
      end if
!!$      do j = 1, jmax
!!$        do i = 0, imax-1
!!$          if ( xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l) < 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, &
!!$              & 'Mass of water vapor is insufficient at (%d,%d,%d), %f.', &
!!$              & i = (/i,j,k/), d = (/xyz_RainCumulus(i,j,l)/) )
!!$          end if
!!$        end do
!!$      end do


      !   total H2O mass in a vertical column, again
      H2OMassA = 0.0_DP
      do k = kmax, 1, -1
        H2OMassA = H2OMassA + z_DelH2OMass(k)
      end do
      !   total mass in a vertical column is adjusted
      if ( H2OMassA > 0.0_DP ) then
!!$            write( 6, * ) i, j, xy_H2OMassB(i,j), xy_H2OMassB(i,j) / xy_H2OMassA(i,j)
        do k = 1, kmax
          z_DelH2OMass(k) = z_DelH2OMass(k) * H2OMassB / H2OMassA
        end do
      else
        do k = 1, kmax
          z_DelH2OMass(k) = 0.0_DP
        end do
      end if
      z_QH2OVap = z_DelH2OMass / ( z_DelPress / Grav )


      ! Detrainment mass tendency per unit mass (kg m-3 s-1 / ( kg m-3 ) = s-1).
      ! This corresponds to condensation rate (kg m-2 s-1) divided by layer thickness (m)
      ! and density (kg m-3), in other words.

      ! kg m-2 s-1 / ( Pa / ( m s-2 ) )
      ! = kg m-2 s-1 Pa-1 m s-1 = kg m-2 (kg m s-2 m-2)-1 m s-2
      ! = kg m-2 s-1 kg-1 m-1 s2 m2 m s-2 = s-1

      if ( present( z_MoistConvDetTend ) ) then
        z_MoistConvDetTend(l) = CldMassFluxBottom * NormMassFluxCldTop / ( z_DelPress(l) / Grav )
      end if

      if ( present( z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) ) then
        ! Subsidence mass flux between the updrafts
        do k = 1, l-1
          if ( k > IndexMixLayTop ) then
            DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer = - EntParam * z_BetaCldTop(k) * z_PotTemp(k)
            NormMassFlux = r_NormMassFlux(k-1) - DelNormMassFluxHalfLayer
            z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(k) = z_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(k) + CldMassFluxBottom * NormMassFlux
          end if
        end do
      end if


    end do loop_cloud_top


    ! 温度変化率, 比湿変化率
    ! Calculate specific humidity tendency and temperature tendency
    !   (In fact, temperature tendency does not need to calculate, here.)
    !
    z_DTempDtCumulus = ( z_Temp    - z_TempB    ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
    z_DQVapDtCumulus = ( z_QH2OVap - z_QH2OVapB ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )


    z_DTempDt = z_DTempDt + z_DTempDtCumulus
    z_DQVapDt = z_DQVapDt + z_DQVapDtCumulus



    ! Precipitation rate at the surface
    !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
    !
!!$    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
!!$    end do


    z_DQH2OLiqDt = z_RainCumulus / ( z_DelPress / Grav )

!!$    xyz_RainCumulus = xyz_DQH2OLiqDt * ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$    xy_RainCumulus = 0.0d0
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_RainCumulus = xy_RainCumulus + xyz_RainCumulus(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$
!!$    xy_Rain     = xy_Rain     + xy_RainCumulus



    ! Calculation for debug
    !   check of conservation of water amount and internal energy
    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = xyz_QH2OVapB * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValB = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValB = xy_SumValB + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = xyz_QH2OVap * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValA = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xy_RainCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$    !
!!$    do j = 1, jmax
!!$      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        Ratio = ( xy_SumValA(i,j) - xy_SumValB(i,j) ) &
!!$          & / max( xy_SumValA(i,j), 1.0d-100 )
!!$        if ( abs( Ratio ) > 1.0d-14 ) then
!!$          write( 6, * ) 'H2O: ', i, j, &
!!$            & xy_SumValB(i,j), xy_SumValA(i,j), &
!!$            & xy_RainCumulus(i,j) * 2.0_DP * DelTime, &
!!$            & Ratio
!!$        end if
!!$      end do
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = CpDry * xyz_TempB * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValB = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValB = xy_SumValB + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xyz_DelVal = CpDry * xyz_Temp * xyz_DelPress / Grav
!!$    xy_SumValA = 0.0_DP
!!$    do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$      xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA + xyz_DelVal(:,:,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    !
!!$    xy_SumValA = xy_SumValA - LatentHeat * xy_RainCumulus * 2.0_DP * DelTime
!!$    !
!!$    do j = 1, jmax
!!$      do i = 0, imax-1
!!$        Ratio = ( xy_SumValA(i,j) - xy_SumValB(i,j) ) &
!!$          & / max( xy_SumValA(i,j), 1.0d-100 )
!!$        if ( abs( Ratio ) > 1.0d-14 ) then
!!$          write( 6, * ) 'CpT: ', i, j, &
!!$            & xy_SumValB(i,j), xy_SumValA(i,j), &
!!$            & - LatentHeat * xy_RainCumulus(i,j) * 2.0_DP * DelTime, &
!!$            & Ratio
!!$        end if
!!$      end do
!!$    end do


    ! calculation for output
    ! This calculation is meaningless because RainCumulus is not used below. 
    z_RainCumulus = z_DQH2OLiqDt * ( z_DelPress / Grav )
    RainCumulus = 0.0d0
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      RainCumulus = RainCumulus + z_RainCumulus(k)
    end do



!!$    if ( present( xyz_DQH2OLiqDt ) ) then
!!$
!!$      !   unit is kg m-2 s-1
!!$      xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV = xyz_RainCumulus
!!$
!!$      ! Negative cloud production rate is filled with values in lower layers.
!!$      !
!!$      xy_NegDDelLWDt = 0.0d0
!!$      do k = kmax, 1, -1
!!$        do j = 1, jmax
!!$          do i = 0, imax-1
!!$            xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) + xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j)
!!$            if ( xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) < 0.0d0 ) then
!!$              xy_NegDDelLWDt(i,j) = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k)
!!$              xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV(i,j,k) = 0.0d0
!!$            end if
!!$          end do
!!$        end do
!!$      end do
!!$
!!$      !   unit is s-1
!!$      xyz_DQH2OLiqDt = xyz_DDelLWDtCCPLV / ( xyz_DelPress / Grav )
!!$
!!$    end if


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
!!$    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubert1D
Subroutine :
l :integer , intent(in )
xyz_Beta(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_BetaCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_PotTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xy_IndexMixLayTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :integer , intent(in )
xy_EntParam(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :real(DP), intent(out)

エントレインメントパラメータの計算

Calculation of entrainment parameter

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertEntParam( l, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_PotTemp, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne, xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat, xy_IndexMixLayTop, xy_EntParam )
    !
    ! エントレインメントパラメータの計算
    !
    ! Calculation of entrainment parameter
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    integer , intent(in ) :: l
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Beta                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_BetaCldTop          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_PotTemp             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    integer , intent(in ) :: xy_IndexMixLayTop       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xy_EntParam             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    integer  :: i               ! 経度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                                ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer  :: j               ! 緯度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                                ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer  :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                                ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !


    ! Entrainment parameter
    !
    xy_EntParam = 0.0_DP
    do k = 2, l-1

      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1

          if ( k > xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
            xy_EntParam(i,j) = xy_EntParam(i,j) + xyz_Beta(i,j,k) * xyz_PotTemp(i,j,k) * ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,l) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(i,j,k) )
          end if

        end do
      end do

    end do

    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1

        if ( l > xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j) ) then
          xy_EntParam(i,j) = xy_EntParam(i,j) + xyz_BetaCldTop(i,j,l) * xyz_PotTemp(i,j,l) * ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,l) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(i,j,l) )
          xy_EntParam(i,j) = ( xyz_EnvMoistStaticEne(i,j,xy_IndexMixLayTop(i,j)) - xyz_EnvMoistStaticEneSat(i,j,l) ) / ( xy_EntParam(i,j) + 1.0d-100 )
        end if

      end do
    end do


  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertEntParam
Subroutine :
xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_Exner(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_Beta(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_BetaCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_Height(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out)
xyr_Height(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out)

高度の計算

Calculation of height

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight( xyz_Temp, xyz_Exner, xyz_Beta, xyz_BetaCldTop, xyz_Height, xyr_Height )
    !
    ! 高度の計算
    !
    ! Calculation of height
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Temp      (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Exner     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Beta      (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_BetaCldTop(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyz_Height    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyr_Height    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: xyz_PotTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    integer  :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !
    xyz_PotTemp = xyz_Temp / xyz_Exner

    xyr_Height(:,:,0) = 0.0_DP
    do k = 1, kmax
      xyz_Height(:,:,k) = xyr_Height(:,:,k-1) + xyz_BetaCldTop(:,:,k) * xyz_PotTemp(:,:,k)
      xyr_Height(:,:,k) = xyr_Height(:,:,k-1) + xyz_Beta      (:,:,k) * xyz_PotTemp(:,:,k)
    end do


  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight
Subroutine :
z_Temp(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_Exner(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_Beta(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_BetaCldTop(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
z_Height(1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out)
r_Height(0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(out)

高度の計算

Calculation of height

[Source]

  subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight1D( z_Temp, z_Exner, z_Beta, z_BetaCldTop, z_Height, r_Height )
    !
    ! 高度の計算
    !
    ! Calculation of height
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_Temp      (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_Exner     (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_Beta      (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: z_BetaCldTop(1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: z_Height    (1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: r_Height    (0:kmax)

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: z_PotTemp(1:kmax)

    character(STRING) :: VarName

    integer  :: k               ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                               ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !
    z_PotTemp = z_Temp / z_Exner

    r_Height(0) = 0.0_DP
    do k = 1, kmax
      z_Height(k) = r_Height(k-1) + z_BetaCldTop(k) * z_PotTemp(k)
      r_Height(k) = r_Height(k-1) + z_Beta      (k) * z_PotTemp(k)
    end do


  end subroutine RelaxedArakawaSchubertHeight1D
module_name
Constant :
module_name = ‘relaxed_arakawa_schubert :character(*), parameter
: モジュールの名称. Module name
relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited
Variable :
relaxed_arakawa_schubert_inited = .false. :logical, save
: 初期設定フラグ. Initialization flag
version
Constant :
version = ’$Name: dcpam5-20140204-4 $’ // ’$Id: relaxed_arakawa_schubert.f90,v 1.8 2014-02-04 10:24:42 yot Exp $’ :character(*), parameter
: モジュールのバージョン Module version