Class cloud_T1993base
In: radiation/cloud_T1993base.f90

Tiedtke (1993) に基づく雲モデル

Cloud model based on Tiedtke (1993)

Note that Japanese and English are described in parallel.

簡単雲モデルによる雲の計算.

In this module, the amount of cloud is calculated by use of a simple cloud model.

Procedures List

!$ ! RadiationFluxDennouAGCM :放射フラックスの計算
!$ ! ———— :————
!$ ! RadiationFluxDennouAGCM :Calculate radiation flux

NAMELIST

NAMELIST#cloud_T1993base_nml

Methods

Included Modules

dc_types dc_message gridset timeset constants0 constants saturate lscond cloud_utils dc_iounit namelist_util gtool_historyauto

Public Instance methods

Subroutine :
xyz_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyr_Press(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_VirTemp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_DQCloudWaterDtCum(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_MoistConvDetTend(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_OMG(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_DTempDtPhy(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(in )
xyz_Temp(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
xyz_QH2OVap(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
xyz_QCloudWater(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
xyz_CloudCover(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) :real(DP), intent(inout)
xy_SurfRainFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :real(DP), intent(out)
xy_SurfSnowFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax) :real(DP), intent(out)

[Source]

  subroutine CloudT1993base( xyz_Press, xyr_Press, xyz_VirTemp, xyz_DQCloudWaterDtCum, xyz_MoistConvDetTend, xyz_OMG, xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux, xyz_DTempDtPhy, xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVap, xyz_QCloudWater, xyz_CloudCover, xy_SurfRainFlux, xy_SurfSnowFlux )

    ! USE statements
    !

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime            ! $ \Delta t $ [s]

    ! 物理・数学定数設定
    ! Physical and mathematical constants settings
    !
    use constants0, only: PI                    ! $ \pi $ .
                              ! 円周率.  Circular constant

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, CpDry, GasRDry, GasRWet, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] .
                              ! 凝結の潜熱.
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xyz_CalcQVapSat, xyz_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! 大規模凝結 (非対流性凝結)
    ! Large scale condensation
    !
    use lscond, only: LScaleCond

    ! 雲関系ルーチン
    ! Cloud-related routines
    !
    use cloud_utils, only : CloudUtilsCalcPRCPKeyLLTemp


    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_Press                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyr_Press                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_VirTemp                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_DQCloudWaterDtCum      (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_MoistConvDetTend       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_OMG                    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in   ) :: xyz_DTempDtPhy             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_Temp                   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QH2OVap                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_QCloudWater            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(inout) :: xyz_CloudCover             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out)   :: xy_SurfRainFlux            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP), intent(out)   :: xy_SurfSnowFlux            (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    real(DP) :: xyz_QCloudWaterB     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_QH2OVapSat       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OVapSatDPress(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OVapSatDTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_ZeroOneCloudLoss(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_DelCloudCoverStr(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactA           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactA1          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactA2          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactB           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactC           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactC1          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactC2          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactD           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactE           (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactE1          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_FactE2          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_Rain                    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_Rain                   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_RainConvFactor          (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_FactCo                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_FactBF                  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_QCloudWaterConvThreshold(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    real(DP) :: xyz_DTempDtLSC             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_DQVapDtLSC             (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_RainLSC                (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_RainLSC                 (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)


    real(DP), parameter :: MixCoef                  = 1.0d-6
    real(DP), parameter :: QCloudWaterEvapThreshold = 1.0d-10
!!$    real(DP), parameter :: RHThreshold              = 0.999_DP
    real(DP), parameter :: RHThreshold              = 1.0_DP - 1.0d-10
    ! Values below are obtained from Sundqvist et al. (1989), but some of 
    ! those are arbitrarily selected.
    real(DP)            :: RainConvFactor0
    real(DP), parameter :: C1                       = 300.0_DP
    real(DP), parameter :: C2                       = 0.5_DP


    ! Parameters for evaporation of rain
    real(DP), parameter :: DensWater            = 1.0d3
    !                            rho_w
    !   Values below are from Kessler (1969)
    real(DP), parameter :: RainFallVelFactor         = 130.0d0
    !                            K
    real(DP), parameter :: MedianDiameterFactor      = 3.67d0
    !                            C'
    real(DP), parameter :: RainDistFactor            = 1.0d7
    !                            N0
    real(DP), parameter :: RainEvapRatUnitDiamFactor = 2.24d3
    !                            C
    real(DP), parameter :: H2OVapDiffCoef            = 1.0d-5
    !                            Kd

    real(DP) :: Dens0
    !                            rho_0
    real(DP) :: V00
    !                            V_{00}
    real(DP) :: RainEvapFactor

    real(DP) :: xyz_Dens        (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    !                           rho
    real(DP) :: xy_DensRain     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    !                           (rho q_r)
    real(DP) :: xy_RainArea     (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    !                           a_p
    real(DP) :: xy_RainEvapArea (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    !                           A = max( a_p - a, 0 )
    real(DP) :: xyz_RainEvapRate(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)

    real(DP) :: xy_DelRain      (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: DelQH2OVap

    real(DP) :: RainFallVel

    integer :: i
    integer :: j
    integer :: k


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. cloud_T1993base_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! Parameters for evaporation of rain
    Dens0 = 1013.0d2 / ( GasRDry * 300.0_DP )
    V00 = RainFallVelFactor * sqrt( MedianDiameterFactor ) / ( PI * DensWater * RainDistFactor )**(1.0d0/8.0d0)
    RainEvapFactor = RainEvapRatUnitDiamFactor * 1.429624558860304d0 * H2OVapDiffCoef * RainDistFactor**(7.0d0/20.0d0) / ( PI * DensWater )**(13.0d0/20.0d0)
    ! Values for evaporation of rain
    xyz_Dens = xyz_Press / ( GasRDry * xyz_VirTemp )


    ! Save cloud water amount
    !
    xyz_QCloudWaterB = xyz_QCloudWater


    xyz_QH2OVapSat       = xyz_CalcQVapSat( xyz_Temp, xyz_Press )
    xyz_DQH2OVapSatDTemp = xyz_CalcDQVapSatDTemp( xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVapSat )

    xyz_DQH2OVapSatDPress = xyz_QH2OVapSat / xyz_Press * ( LatentHeat * GasRDry * xyz_VirTemp - CpDry * GasRWet * xyz_Temp**2 ) / ( xyz_CloudCover * LatentHeat**2 * xyz_QH2OVapSat + CpDry * GasRWet * xyz_Temp**2 )

    xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt = xyz_DQH2OVapSatDPress * ( xyz_OMG + Grav * xyz_MoistConvSubsidMassFlux ) + xyz_DQH2OVapSatDTemp / ( 1.0_DP + xyz_CloudCover * LatentHeat / CpDry * xyz_DQH2OVapSatDTemp ) * xyz_DTempDtPhy


    ! set zero-one flag
    do k = 1, kmax
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
            if ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) >= CloudProdRHThreshold * xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) then
              xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP
            else
              xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
            end if
            xyz_ZeroOneCloudLoss(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP
          else
            xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
            xyz_ZeroOneCloudLoss(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
    end do


    ! Rain at the surface
    xy_Rain     = 0.0_DP
    ! Rain area
    xy_RainArea = 0.0_DP

    k_loop : do k = kmax, 1, -1

      ! Evaporation of rain
      !
      if ( k == kmax ) then
        xy_RainArea = 0.0_DP
      else
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( xyz_Rain(i,j,k+1) > 0.0_DP ) then
              if ( xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k+1) > xy_RainArea(i,j) ) then
                xy_RainArea(i,j) = xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k+1)
              end if
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end if
      xy_DensRain = ( xy_Rain / ( xy_RainArea + 1.0d-10 ) / ( V00 * sqrt( Dens0 / xyz_Dens(:,:,k) ) ) )**(8.0d0/9.0d0)
      xy_RainEvapArea = max( xy_RainArea - xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k), 0.0_DP )
      xyz_RainEvapRate(:,:,k) = xyz_Dens(:,:,k) * xy_RainEvapArea * RainEvapFactor * max( xyz_QH2OVapSat(:,:,k) - xyz_QH2OVap(:,:,k), 0.0_DP ) * xy_DensRain**(13.0d0/20.0d0)
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          RainFallVel = V00 * sqrt( Dens0 / xyz_Dens(i,j,k) ) * xy_DensRain(i,j)**(1.0d0/8.0d0)
          if ( xy_RainArea(i,j) * RainFallVel * xyz_RainEvapRate(i,j,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime > xy_Rain(i,j) ) then
            xyz_RainEvapRate(i,j,k) = xy_Rain(i,j) / ( ( xy_RainArea(i,j) + 1.0d-10 ) * RainFallVel * 2.0_DP * DelTime )
            xy_DelRain(i,j) = - xy_Rain(i,j)
          else
            xy_DelRain(i,j) = - xy_RainArea(i,j) * RainFallVel * xyz_RainEvapRate(i,j,k) * ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
          end if
          xy_Rain(i,j) = xy_Rain(i,j) + xy_DelRain(i,j)
!!$            xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k)              &
!!$              & + xyz_RainEvapRate(i,j,k) * ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) &
!!$              &     / xyz_Dens(i,j,k)
!!$            xyz_Temp(i,j,k) = xyz_Temp(i,j,k)                    &
!!$              & - xyz_RainEvapRate(i,j,k) * ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) &
!!$              &     / xyz_Dens(i,j,k)                            &
!!$              &     * LatentHeat / CpDry
          ! DelRain = DelQH2OVap * DelPress / Grav / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
          DelQH2OVap = - xy_DelRain(i,j) * Grav / ( xyr_Press(i,j,k-1) - xyr_Press(i,j,k) )
          xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) + DelQH2OVap
          xyz_Temp(i,j,k) = xyz_Temp(i,j,k) - DelQH2OVap * LatentHeat / CpDry
        end do
      end do


      xyz_FactC1(:,:,k) = xyz_MoistConvDetTend(:,:,k)
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) < RHThreshold * xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) then
            xyz_FactC2(i,j,k) = - ( 1.0_DP - xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) ) / ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) - xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) * xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt(i,j,k) * xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(i,j,k)
          else
!!$              xyz_FactC2(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
            xyz_FactC2(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )
          end if
        end do
      end do
      xyz_FactC(:,:,k) = xyz_FactC1(:,:,k) + xyz_FactC2(:,:,k)
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) > xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) then
            xyz_FactD(i,j,k) = 2.0_DP * xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) * MixCoef * ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) - xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) / ( xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k) + 1.0d-100 )
          else
            xyz_FactD(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) < RHThreshold * xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) ) then
            xyz_FactE1(i,j,k) = ( 1.0_DP - xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) )**2 / ( 2.0_DP * ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) - xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) ) * xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt(i,j,k) * xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(i,j,k)
          else
            xyz_FactE1(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) > xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) then
            xyz_FactE2(i,j,k) = + xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k)**2 * MixCoef * ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(i,j,k) - xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) / ( xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k) + 1.0d-100 )
          else
            xyz_FactE2(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
      xyz_FactE(:,:,k) = xyz_FactE1(:,:,k) + xyz_FactE2(:,:,k)
      !
      xyz_DelCloudCoverStr(:,:,k) = xyz_FactC2(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime - xyz_FactC2(:,:,k) / ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactD(:,:,k) + 1.0d-100 ) * ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime + ( xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) - xyz_FactC(:,:,k) / ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactD(:,:,k) + 1.0d-100 ) ) * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactD(:,:,k) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) ) ) + xyz_FactE1(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      !
      xyz_FactA1(:,:,k) = xyz_DQCloudWaterDtCum(:,:,k)
      xyz_FactA2(:,:,k) = - xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) * xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt(:,:,k) * xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(:,:,k) - xyz_DelCloudCoverStr(:,:,k) * xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt(:,:,k) * xyz_ZeroOneCloudProd(:,:,k) / 2.0_DP - xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) * xyz_DQH2OVapSatDt(:,:,k) * ( 1.0_DP - xyz_ZeroOneCloudLoss(:,:,k) ) - xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) * MixCoef * ( xyz_QH2OVapSat(:,:,k) - xyz_QH2OVap(:,:,k) )
      !    The value of xyz_FactA2 is checked, and is updated.
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_FactA2(i,j,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime > xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) ) then
            xyz_FactA2(i,j,k) = xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) * ( 1.0_DP - 1.0d-14 )
          end if
        end do
      end do
      xyz_FactA(:,:,k) = xyz_FactA1(:,:,k) + xyz_FactA2(:,:,k)

!!$        xy_RainConvFactor = 1.0_DP / ( CloudLifeTime0 + 1.0d-100 )
      !
      xy_FactCo = 1.0_DP + C1 * sqrt( xy_Rain )
      ! Factor for Bergeron-Findeisen effect
      !   Sundqvist et al. (1989)
!!$      xy_FactBF = 1.0_DP &
!!$        & + C2 * sqrt( max( 268.0_DP - xyz_Temp(:,:,k), 0.0_DP ) )
      !   An original equation following that by IFS CY38r1
      !   (p.82 of http://www.ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/CY38r1/IFSPart4.pdf)
!!$      xy_FactBF = 1.0_DP                                               &
!!$        & + C2 * sqrt( min(                                            &
!!$        &                   max( 268.0_DP - xyz_Temp(:,:,k), 0.0_DP ), &
!!$        &                   max( 268.0_DP - TempBFEffectSat, 0.0_DP )  &
!!$        &                  )                                           &
!!$        &            )
      !   Constant (no effect)
      xy_FactBF = 1.0_DP
      !
      RainConvFactor0 = 1.0_DP / ( CloudLifeTime0 + 1.0d-100 )
      xy_QCloudWaterConvThreshold = QCloudWaterEffConv / ( xy_FactCo * xy_FactBF )
      xy_RainConvFactor = RainConvFactor0 * xy_FactCo * xy_FactBF * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - ( xyz_QCloudWater(:,:,k) / ( ( xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) + 1.0d-100 ) * xy_QCloudWaterConvThreshold ) )**2 ) )
      !
      xyz_FactB(:,:,k) = xy_RainConvFactor
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_FactB(i,j,k) < 1.0_DP / 1.0d10 ) then
            xyz_FactB(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP / 1.0d10
          end if
        end do
      end do


      ! Values at next time step are calculated.
      !
      xyz_QCloudWater(:,:,k) = xyz_QCloudWater(:,:,k) * exp( - xyz_FactB(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) + xyz_FactA(:,:,k) / xyz_FactB(:,:,k) * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - xyz_FactB(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) )
      !   The value of cloud water amount is checked, and xyz_FactA 
      !   is updated.
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
            xyz_FactA2(i,j,k) = - xyz_FactA1(i,j,k) - xyz_FactB(i,j,k) * xyz_QCloudWaterB(i,j,k) * exp( - xyz_FactB(i,j,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) / ( 1.0_DP - exp( - xyz_FactB(i,j,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) )
            xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do
      xyz_FactA(:,:,k) = xyz_FactA1(:,:,k) + xyz_FactA2(:,:,k)
      !
      xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) = xyz_CloudCover(:,:,k) * exp( - ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactD(:,:,k) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) + ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactE(:,:,k) ) / ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactD(:,:,k) + 1.0d-100 ) * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - ( xyz_FactC(:,:,k) + xyz_FactD(:,:,k) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) )
      !
      xyz_QH2OVap(:,:,k) = xyz_QH2OVap(:,:,k) - xyz_FactA2(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      !
      xyz_Temp(:,:,k) = xyz_Temp(:,:,k) + xyz_FactA2(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime * LatentHeat / CpDry


      ! Rain
      !
      xyz_Rain(:,:,k) = xyz_FactA(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime + xyz_QCloudWaterB(:,:,k) * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - xyz_FactB(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) ) - xyz_FactA(:,:,k) / xyz_FactB(:,:,k) * ( 1.0_DP - exp( - xyz_FactB(:,:,k) * 2.0_DP * DelTime ) )
      xyz_Rain(:,:,k) = xyz_Rain(:,:,k) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime )

      ! Rain at the surface
      xy_Rain = xy_Rain + xyz_Rain(:,:,k) * ( xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k) ) / Grav

      ! Evaporation
      !
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k) < QCloudWaterEvapThreshold ) then
            xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do

      ! Cloud cover is restricted.
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) > 1.0_DP ) then
            xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) = 1.0_DP
          else if ( xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
            xyz_CloudCover(i,j,k) = 0.0_DP
          end if
        end do
      end do


      ! Check values
      do j = 1, jmax
        do i = 0, imax-1
          if ( xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
            write( 6, * ) 'QH2OVap is negative', i, j, k, xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k)
          end if
          if ( xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k) < 0.0_DP ) then
            write( 6, * ) 'QCloudWater is negative', i, j, k, xyz_QCloudWater(i,j,k)
          end if
        end do
      end do

    end do k_loop


    xyz_DTempDtLSC = 0.0_DP
    xyz_DQVapDtLSC = 0.0_DP

    ! 大規模凝結 (非対流性凝結) (Manabe, 1965)
    ! Large scale condensation (non-convective condensation) (Manabe, 1965)
    !
    call LScaleCond( xyz_Temp, xyz_QH2OVap, xyz_DTempDtLSC, xyz_DQVapDtLSC, xyz_Press, xyr_Press, xyz_RainLSC )

    xy_RainLSC = 0.0_DP
    do k = kmax, 1, -1
      xy_RainLSC = xy_RainLSC + xyz_RainLSC(:,:,k) * ( xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k) ) / Grav
    end do


    xy_Rain = xy_Rain + xy_RainLSC


    call CloudUtilsCalcPRCPKeyLLTemp( xyz_Temp, xy_Rain, xy_SurfRainFlux, xy_SurfSnowFlux )


  end subroutine CloudT1993base
Subroutine :
ArgFlagSnow :logical, intent(in)

This procedure input/output NAMELIST#cloud_T1993base_nml .

[Source]

  subroutine CloudT1993baseInit( ArgFlagSnow )

    ! ファイル入出力補助
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoAddVariable

    ! 大規模凝結 (非対流性凝結)
    ! Large scale condensation (non-convective condensation)
    !
    use lscond, only : LScaleCondInit


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    logical, intent(in) :: ArgFlagSnow


    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号.
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT.
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    ! NAMELIST 変数群
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /cloud_T1993base_nml/ CloudProdRHThreshold, CloudLifeTime0, QCloudWaterEffConv, TempBFEffectSat
          !
          ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "cloud_T1993base#CloudT1993baseInit"
          ! のソースコードを参照のこと.
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "cloud_T1993base#CloudT1993baseInit" for the default values.
          !

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( cloud_T1993base_inited ) return


    FlagSnow = ArgFlagSnow


    ! デフォルト値の設定
    ! Default values settings
    !
    CloudProdRHThreshold = 0.5_DP
    CloudLifeTime0       = 1000.0_DP
    QCloudWaterEffConv   = 4.0d-4
    TempBFEffectSat      = 250.0_DP
      !   This value follows that by IFS CY38r1
      !   (p.82 of http://www.ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/CY38r1/IFSPart4.pdf)
      !   Actually, IFS CY38r1 uses 250.16 K.

    ! NAMELIST の読み込み
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = cloud_T1993base_nml, iostat = iostat_nml )             ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if


    ! Initialization of modules used in this module
    !

    ! 大規模凝結 (非対流性凝結) (Manabe, 1965)
    ! Large scale condensation (non-convective condensation) (Le Treut and Li, 1991)
    !
    call LScaleCondInit


    ! ヒストリデータ出力のためのへの変数登録
    ! Register of variables for history data output
    !
!!$    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EffCloudCover', &
!!$      & (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), &
!!$      & 'effective cloud cover', '1' )



    ! 印字 ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudProdRHThreshold = %f', d = (/ CloudProdRHThreshold /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudLifeTime0       = %f', d = (/ CloudLifeTime0 /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'QCloudWaterEffConv   = %f', d = (/ QCloudWaterEffConv /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'TempBFEffectSat      = %f', d = (/ TempBFEffectSat /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) )


    cloud_T1993base_inited = .true.

  end subroutine CloudT1993baseInit

Private Instance methods

CloudLifeTime0
Variable :
CloudLifeTime0 :real(DP), save
CloudProdRHThreshold
Variable :
CloudProdRHThreshold :real(DP), save
FlagSnow
Variable :
FlagSnow :logical , save
: A flag for snow
QCloudWaterEffConv
Variable :
QCloudWaterEffConv :real(DP), save
TempBFEffectSat
Variable :
TempBFEffectSat :real(DP), save
: Temperature at which Bergeron-Findeisen effect saturates.
cloud_T1993base_inited
Variable :
cloud_T1993base_inited = .false. :logical, save
: 初期設定フラグ. Initialization flag
module_name
Constant :
module_name = ‘cloud_T1993base :character(*), parameter
: モジュールの名称. Module name
version
Constant :
version = ’$Name: dcpam5-20140204-5 $’ // ’$Id: cloud_T1993base.f90,v 1.4 2014-02-04 10:22:12 yot Exp $’ :character(*), parameter
: モジュールのバージョン Module version